Arachin 14b

ערכין י״ד ע״ב

Arakhin 14b

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Topic

Redeeming consecrated and sold fields (inherited, bought, rocky fields and trees), the חומש, and fixed payments for a slave and for an אונס or מפתה

Overview

The amud opens at the end of a ברייתא. רבי מאיר uses a פסוק to show that a field a son bought from his father counts as a שדה אחוזה only if the father died before the son consecrated it. רבי יהודה and רבי שמעון say it counts even if the father died afterward. רב נחמן בר יצחק explains that they learn this from the extra word משדה, not from a rule about the time of פדיון. Next, רב פפא lists rules for rocky fields and for trees, both consecrated and sold. Each law follows the exact word in its own פסוק: זרע, שדה, תבואה or אחוזה. The גמרא then asks why consecrated trees are not redeemed together with their land, and it limits נהרדעי's rule to a buyer who claims he bought the land too. A ברייתא teaches that a שדה מקנה is redeemed at its real value, while רבי אליעזר holds it has a fixed price. רבא and a ברייתא show that by the רבנן a שדה מקנה has no חומש. Two new משניות then teach fixed Torah payments: thirty סלע for a slave killed by a שור המועד, and fifty סלע for an אונס or מפתה, with בושת and פגם added. רב זעירא's first explanation for these extra payments is knocked down by אביי, and his new answer begins on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (30)

1. StatementThe verse behind רבי מאיר's ruling
2. QuestionWhat is the reason of רבי יהודה and רבי שמעון?
3. ProofTheir reason must be that they judge by the time of redemption
4. RejectionThey learned it from a verse instead
5. ResponseThe extra word משדה teaches the rule of רבי יהודה and רבי שמעון
6. StatementConsecrated rocky fields are redeemed at their market value
7. StatementUnredeemed consecrated rocky fields still go to the כהנים in יובל
8. StatementSold rocky fields can be bought back before two years pass
9. StatementUnredeemed sold rocky fields return to the owner in יובל
10. StatementConsecrated trees are redeemed at their actual value
11. StatementUnredeemed consecrated trees do not go to the כהנים in יובל
12. StatementSold trees cannot be bought back before two years
13. StatementSold trees do not return to the owner in יובל
14. ChallengeWhy are the trees not consecrated and redeemed along with their land?
15. ChallengeBlocking the answer that only the trees were consecrated
16. Resolutionנהרדעי's rule applies only when the buyer claims he bought the land
17. StatementA bought field is redeemed for its real value
18. Statementרבי אליעזר: a bought field also has a fixed price
19. QuestionDo the רבנן use the matching word to teach the extra fifth?
20. Responseרבא: the רבנן do not accept the comparison
21. ResponseEven by the view that two verses do teach, the חומש appears in too many places
22. ProofA ברייתא agrees with רבא's ruling but gives a different reason
23. StatementNew משנה: an ox that kills a slave or a free person, or injures one
24. ChallengeDoes the משנה disagree with רבי עקיבא about a שור תם?
25. ResolutionThe משנה can follow רבי עקיבא after all
26. StatementFixed fine for a rapist or seducer, with variable shame payments
27. ChallengeWhy pay anything beyond the fifty?
28. ResolutionA flat fifty for everyone would seem unfair
29. Challengeאביי: the same complaint could be made about slaves
30. Resolutionרב זעירא gives up his first answer and starts a new one