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Arachin 27b

ערכין כ״ז ע״ב

Arakhin 27b

Learn Arachin 27b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Arachin 27b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Bidding to redeem a שדה אחוזה from הקדש: the owner's חומש, bidders who back out, and appraisal by three

Overview

This amud finishes the משנה about redeeming a consecrated ancestral field from הקדש. The owner must add a חומש on his own bid, but not on an outsider's raise, so at an outside bid of 26 he must pay 31 and a דינר or lose the field. The גמרא opens with רב חסדא. He says a bidder who backs out pays only the gap down to the next offer when that lower offer is still standing. If several bidders back out together, they share the loss, and a ברייתא confirms this split. Next, the גמרא explains why the owner's חומש gives him priority here but not with מעשר שני: here the חומש goes to הקדש. It then shows why the owner cannot claim a tie at 25, since he had added a tiny פרוטה. רב חסדא also limits the 'no חומש on the raise' rule to a field that three people did not appraise. The גמרא shows that this fits בית הלל. Finally, it explains that at 26 the owner is not forced to redeem, and רב ששת begins explaining the extra דינר, a point that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִין עֶשְׂרִים וָשֵׁשׁ,

the owner gives twenty-six;

״בְּעֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם״ —

if another said "for twenty-two" —

הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִין עֶשְׂרִים וָשֶׁבַע,

the owner gives twenty-seven;

״בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְשָׁלֹשׁ״ —

"for twenty-three" —

The steps (41)

  1. StatementThe owner's price climbs one סלע at a time with each outside bid
  2. StatementWhy the owner pays no extra fifth on the outsider's raise
  3. StatementWhen the outsider bids 26, the owner must pay 31 and a דינר or lose the field
  4. Statementרב חסדא limits the case of the fifty-bidder who backs out
  5. StatementIf the forty-bidder also backs out, the loss is shared
  6. ChallengeWhy doesn't the fifty-bidder share when the forty-bidder backs out?
  7. ResolutionThere was no fifty-bidder
  8. ChallengeWhy doesn't the forty-bidder share when the thirty-bidder backs out?
  9. ResolutionThere was no forty-bidder
  10. ChallengeWhy doesn't the thirty-bidder share when the twenty-bidder backs out?
  11. ResolutionThere was no thirty-bidder
  12. ChallengeThe last line: the ten-bidder who backs out
  13. RejectionThe answer 'no twenty-bidder' doesn't fit the wording
  14. Resolutionרב חסדא: backing out together versus one after the other
  15. ProofA ברייתא supports רב חסדא
  16. ChallengeSecond version: the ברייתא contradicts the משנה
  17. Resolutionרב חסדא's answer in the second version
  18. StatementQuoting the משנה: the owner and another person bid the same
  19. ChallengeChallenge from מעשר שני: the base price matters more than the חומש
  20. ResolutionIt depends on who gains from the חומש
  21. StatementQuoting the case of 25 versus 30
  22. ChallengeWhy can't the owner call it a tie?
  23. ResolutionThe owner's bid included a דינר
  24. ChallengeThen the משנה should mention the דינר
  25. ResolutionThe תנא wasn't exact about small sums
  26. ChallengeBut the משנה does mention a דינר elsewhere
  27. Resolutionרבא: the extra amount was a פרוטה
  28. StatementQuoting the rule: no חומש on the outsider's addition
  29. Statementרב חסדא: only when the field was not appraised
  30. ProofA ברייתא: בית שמאי and בית הלל argue
  31. QuestionWhat case is the ברייתא talking about?
  32. ResponseIt must be an appraised field
  33. ChallengeDoes רב חסדא follow בית שמאי?
  34. ResolutionThe ברייתא is about an unappraised field, and בית שמאי are being strict
  35. ResolutionSecond answer: an appraised field, with the opinions swapped
  36. ChallengeThen it should be listed with the cases where בית שמאי are lenient
  37. ConclusionBack to the first answer
  38. StatementThe owner redeems only if he wants to
  39. ResponseSomeone else has come to take the owner's place
  40. QuestionWhat is the extra dinar for?
  41. Responseרב ששת explains what the משנה means