Avodah Zarah 30a

עבודה זרה ל׳ ע״א

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Topic

Cooked and diluted wine, יין נסך, and the rules of גילוי (uncovered drinks)

Overview

The amud opens with the last line of a discussion about seals: one seal is enough, because a non-Jew will not bother to forge it in order to swap the wine. A ברייתא then forbids cooked wine and אלונתית of non-Jews, and a source about שבת explains what אלונתית is. רבה and רב יוסף rule that diluted wine is not subject to גילוי and cooked wine is not subject to ניסוך. The גמרא asks whether cooked wine is subject to גילוי, and several sources and stories show that it is not. רב פפא limits the diluted-wine rule to well-diluted wine, and two snake stories test that limit. רב אשי warns that we do not rely on clever answers where life is in danger. רבא then rules that diluted wine is subject to both גילוי and יין נסך, while cooked wine is subject to neither. The amud continues with uncovered water: whether a sleeping person scares snakes away, and whose water רב and שמואל would drink. It then lists wines that are exempt from גילוי, such as sharp, bitter, sweet and קרינא wines. It ends with רבא's rule about souring wine, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (33)

1. ResolutionOne seal is enough to prevent swapping
2. StatementA ברייתא forbids cooked wine and אלונתית of non-Jews
3. QuestionWhat is אלונתית?
4. ResponseDefining אלונתית from a ברייתא about שבת
5. StatementDiluted wine and גילוי; cooked wine and ניסוך
6. QuestionIs cooked wine subject to גילוי?
7. Responseרבי יעקב בר אידי testifies that cooked wine is not subject to גילוי
8. QuestionThe same question raised at a sickbed
9. Responseרבי חייא's ruling: cooked wine is not subject to גילוי
10. QuestionThe scholars ask whether they can rely on it
11. Conclusionרבי ינאי confirms: rely on it
12. Statementשמואל tells אבלט that cooked wine is not יין נסך
13. Statementרבי חייא rules that exposed cooked wine is permitted
14. Statementרב אדא בר אהבה rules that exposed diluted wine is permitted
15. Statementרב פפא limits the rule to well-diluted wine
16. ChallengeA story suggests snakes avoid even slightly diluted wine
17. ResolutionA snake won't risk its life for diluted wine, but still drinks it
18. ChallengeA snake that made wine overflow so it could drink
19. ResolutionThe snake only drinks wine it diluted itself
20. RejectionYou can't rely on clever answers when life is in danger
21. Conclusionרבא's final ruling on diluted and cooked wine
22. StatementDoes a sleeping person scare snakes away?
23. RejectionA sleeping person does not protect the water at all
24. Statementרב avoids water from a non-Jew's house but drinks from a widow's
25. Statementשמואל holds the opposite of רב
26. StatementA second version: שמואל drinks from neither house
27. StatementThree wines that are exempt from exposure
28. Statementרב חמא explains the three wines as fine wines
29. Statementקרינא is not subject to גילוי
30. QuestionWhat is קרינא?
31. Responseקרינא is sweet wine from Asia
32. StatementIn its home region קרינא is subject to גילוי
33. StatementWine that has begun to sour, for the first three days