Avodah Zarah 75b

עבודה זרה ע״ה ע״ב

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Topic

How far טומאה spreads in a winepress, and how to make utensils bought from a גוי fit for use: טבילה, הגעלה, ליבון, and which utensils need them.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the rules for preparing woven winepress items, then brings a מחלוקת between רבי and רבי חייא about how far טומאה spreads when an עם הארץ touches grapes in a winepress. The גמרא defends the lenient view, saying the grape clusters block the wine, and rules that way in practice. A new משנה teaches that utensils bought from גוים are prepared the way they were used: טבילה, הגעלה, or ליבון. The גמרא adds that all of them also need טבילה in forty סאה, and learns this from the words וְטָהֵר and בְּמֵי נִדָּה, explaining why both words are needed. Next it sets limits. Even new utensils need טבילה, but only meal utensils, only ones that were bought and not borrowed, and only metal ones. Glass is treated like metal, and the הלכה is that glazed clay follows its finished form. A question about collateral utensils stays unresolved. Finally, a ברייתא lists four levels of koshering, two ברייתות disagree about food cooked before koshering, and the גמרא ties this to נותן טעם לפגם. רב חייא בריה דרב הונא begins answering how the Torah's ban still applies, and his answer continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (30)

1. StatementFinishing the list: how to purify woven items of צבתא and flax
2. StatementAn עם הארץ touches grape clusters in a winepress
3. ChallengeChallenge from the case of a שרץ in a press
4. ResolutionThe grape clusters block the flow
5. ConclusionThe final ruling on the winepress
6. StatementHow to prepare utensils bought from gentiles
7. StatementAll the utensils also need immersion
8. QuestionWhere do we learn this from?
9. Responseרבא: the word "and it shall be pure" adds immersion
10. Responseבר קפרא: "מי נדה", but no sprinkling
11. ResponseWater a נדה immerses in means forty סאה
12. ResponseWhy 'וטהר' alone would not be enough
13. ResponseWhy 'במי נדה' alone would not be enough
14. StatementEven new utensils need טבילה
15. ChallengeThen even clothing scissors should need טבילה
16. ResolutionOnly meal utensils are in the פרשה
17. StatementOnly bought utensils need immersion, not borrowed ones
18. Statementרב יצחק בר יוסף buys an earthenware utensil
19. Rejectionרבי יעקב: only metal utensils need immersion
20. StatementGlass utensils are treated like metal
21. StatementDispute over glazed clay utensils
22. ConclusionThe halacha follows the final state
23. QuestionWhat about a utensil held as collateral?
24. Responseרב אשי immersed a collateral silver cup
25. RejectionThe reason for immersing is unclear
26. StatementFour levels of preparing utensils bought from a גוי
27. ChallengeTwo ברייתות disagree about food cooked before koshering
28. ResolutionEach ברייתא follows a different view on a bad-tasting flavor
29. ChallengeWhy does the Torah require koshering if a spoiling taste is permitted?
30. ResolutionThe Torah only forbade a pot