Bechoros 16a

בכורות ט״ז ע״א

Bekhorot 16a

Learn Bechoros 16a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Laws of פסולי המוקדשין: redeeming their offspring, slaughtering them outside, and why a תמורה made after redemption must die

Overview

This amud finishes an earlier derivation: a word in the פסוק adds the milk of redeemed פסולי המוקדשין to the prohibition. The גמרא then reads a ברייתא closely. Its wording seems to imply that blemished offspring can be redeemed, which would disprove רב הונא. רב הונא answers that the wording was only copied from the first half of the ברייתא. Next, רב הונא's version of the ברייתא makes one who slaughters these animals outside the עזרה liable, but only in the narrow case of a tiny eye blemish, following רבי עקיבא. רב נחמן rules that a תמורה made after the animal was redeemed must die, because it can neither be offered nor redeemed. אביי defends this against רב עמרם's comparison to the תמורה of a בכור or מעשר: each תמורה follows the animal it replaced. A ברייתא supports רב נחמן from the פסוק about animals that chew the cud. The גמרא then works out how that פסוק and a tradition both relate to the five חטאות that are left to die. The amud ends by opening a new משנה about a Jew who receives צאן ברזל from a גוי.

Opening lines

The steps (25)

1. ConclusionA word in the verse comes to include the milk
2. StatementQuoting the ברייתא and drawing two inferences
3. QuestionHow do both inferences fit one case?
4. ResponseDedicated as the same offering, redeemed once blemished
5. ChallengeDoes this refute רב הונא?
6. ResolutionThe wording only mirrors the first half
7. StatementSlaughtering them outside brings no punishment
8. Statementרב הונא reads it as liable, for a tiny eye blemish
9. StatementThey make a תמורה before or after redemption
10. StatementA תמורה made after redemption must die
11. QuestionWhy must it die?
12. ResponseIt can neither be offered nor redeemed
13. Challengeרב עמרם: let the owners eat it with its blemish
14. Resolutionאביי: each תמורה follows its mother
15. Resolutionאביי finishes: this תמורה is called a holy animal's substitute and cannot be redeemed
16. ProofA ברייתא supports רב נחמן from the פסוק about animals that chew the cud
17. ChallengeIsn't that פסוק needed for the five חטאות that die?
18. ResolutionThe five חטאות come from the split-hoof phrase instead
19. ProofA second ברייתא confirms the five חטאות come from the split-hoof phrase
20. ChallengeBut the five חטאות are a tradition, not a פסוק
21. ResolutionThe פסוק actually comes for the תמורה of an אשם
22. ChallengeThe תמורה of an אשם is also known by tradition
23. ResolutionBoth the verse and the tradition are needed for the five sin offerings
24. ResolutionThe verse links two items so both are left to die
25. StatementNew משנה: receiving a guaranteed-investment flock from a non-Jew