Bechoros 56b

בכורות נ״ו ע״ב

Bekhorot 56b

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Topic

אתנן of a זונה גויה according to אביי, and when brothers owe קלבון or מעשר בהמה

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a discussion of a ברייתא about an אתנן animal that still enters the pen for מעשר בהמה. The ברייתא is set with a זונה גויה, because a non-Jew does not tithe and because payment to a Jewish זונה is not אתנן at all. This matches אביי's rule, learned through a גזירה שוה of תועבה from עריות: only a woman with whom קידושין cannot take effect makes her payment אתנן. אביי adds that a כהן gets no מלקות for לא יחלל זרעו with a גויה, since her child is not his זרע. A new משנה then teaches that brothers and partners owe either קלבון or מעשר בהמה, depending on whether they still hold their father's undivided estate or divided it and later rejoined. The גמרא learns the exemption of partners from מעשר בהמה from 'יהיה לך', using the method of אם אינו ענין. רבי ירמיה lists four combinations of the two laws, depending on whether the money or the animals were divided. Finally, אמוראים argue about what kind of division turns brothers into partners: רב ענן and רבי אלעזר say only a split that works like a trade does, while רב נחמן and רבי יוחנן say any split does.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. ChallengeWhy not let her tithe it herself?
2. ResolutionThe case is a non-Jewish זונה
3. ChallengeWhy not set the case with a Jewish זונה?
4. ResolutionPayment to a Jewish זונה is not אתנן
5. Proofאביי's two-sided rule about non-Jewish and Jewish זונות
6. StatementSource: תועבה here, like תועבה in עריות
7. StatementThe גזירה שוה shows the זונה is one with whom קידושין cannot take effect
8. StatementWhy a כהן is not given מלקות for a זונה גויה
9. StatementNew משנה: brothers and partners owe either קלבון or מעשר בהמה
10. StatementWhen brothers are obligated in מעשר בהמה and when in קלבון
11. StatementA ברייתא learns that partners are exempt from מעשר בהמה
12. ChallengeBut that verse is about בכור
13. ResolutionSince partners are obligated in בכור, the verse is applied to מעשר בהמה
14. Statementרבי ירמיה lists four combinations of קלבון and מעשר בהמה
15. ResponseObligated in both: they divided the money but not the animals
16. ResponseExempt from both: they divided the animals but not the money
17. ResponseObligated in the premium but exempt from animal tithe
18. ResponseObligated in animal tithe but exempt from the premium
19. ChallengeIsn't this obvious?
20. ResolutionDividing the animals does not show they divided the money
21. Statementרב ענן limits the rule to splitting kids against goats
22. StatementAn even division means each brother took his own share
23. Statementרב נחמן says even an even split does not count as each taking his own share
24. Statementרבי אלעזר limits the exemption to an uneven split of nine against ten
25. StatementAn even nine-for-nine and ten-for-ten split counts as each taking his own share
26. StatementEven an even split does not show original ownership