Berachos 42b

ברכות מ״ב ע״ב

Berakhot 42b

Learn Berachos 42b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Berachos 42b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Blessings on wine and food at a meal, and what makes a group a joint meal for ברכות

Overview

The משנה finishes its rules about wine at a meal. Each person blesses for himself on wine served during the meal, but one person blesses for everyone on wine served after the meal and also on the incense (מוגמר). רבי יוחנן and רבי יהושע בן לוי teach that wine before the meal covers wine after it only when the meal is set around wine, such as on שבת and יום טוב, and two stories about רבא and אביי show how this depends on what the person planned. The גמרא then asks whether wine drunk during the meal covers wine drunk after it, and the אמוראים disagree. Next comes the משנה's rule that bread's ברכה covers פרפרת but not the reverse; the גמרא cannot decide which line בית שמאי argue on, so it ends in תיקו. Finally, the משנה implies that only reclining makes a joint meal, and a ברייתא seems to say that sitting is enough. רב נחמן בר יצחק answers that sitting counts when the group planned ahead to eat at a set place. A story follows about רב's students, who could not answer this very question after his funeral, and רב אדא בר אהבה's response continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (22)

1. StatementWine during the meal versus wine after the meal
2. StatementThe one who blesses on the wine also blesses on the incense
3. StatementWine before the meal covers wine after it only on שבת and יום טוב
4. Proofרבי יהושע בן לוי agrees and adds more cases
5. Proofרבא blesses twice on a weekday and is praised
6. Challengeרב יצחק בר יוסף questions אביי on יום טוב
7. Resolutionאביי explains he kept deciding anew to drink
8. QuestionDoes wine during the meal cover wine after the meal?
9. ResponseThe אמוראים disagree: exempts or does not exempt
10. Challengeרבא challenges רב נחמן from the משנה
11. Resolutionרב נחמן: the משנה describes two separate cases
12. Statementמשנה: bread covers appetizers, but not the reverse
13. QuestionWhich line do בית שמאי argue on? The first option
14. QuestionThe second option: בית שמאי argue on the last line
15. ConclusionThe question stays unresolved
16. StatementThe משנה on sitting versus reclining
17. ChallengeA ברייתא says sitting together is enough
18. ResolutionThe travelers had planned to eat together
19. Statementרב's students plan a meal after his funeral
20. QuestionDoes planning make sitting count like reclining?
21. ConclusionThe students could not answer
22. Statementרב אדא בר אהבה stands up