Berachos 50b

ברכות נ׳ ע״ב

Berakhot 50b

Learn Berachos 50b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Berachos 50b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

זימון limits, wine with and without water, respect for bread and food, and forgetting a ברכה with food in one's mouth

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the case of three people from three groups who want to form a זימון together. רבא limits it: this only works if their original groups never counted them in a זימון. He proves it from a משנה about a split bed, whose lost טומאה does not come back when it is repaired. The גמרא then teaches that a shared שמש joins two groups into one. Next comes the מחלוקת between רבי אליעזר and חכמים about wine without water: does it get בורא פרי הגפן, and may it be used to wash hands? Even חכמים agree that a כוס של ברכה needs water, because of מצוה מן המובחר. A ברייתא then lists four ways to respect bread. A story with מר זוטרא and רב אשי leads to the rule that other foods may be thrown only if they will not get ruined, which also explains the wedding custom of throwing nuts. The amud ends with what to do if someone put food in his mouth before saying the ברכה: swallow a drink, spit out food that stays clean, and move aside food that would become disgusting.

Opening lines

The steps (24)

1. StatementThe three can only join if their old groups did not already count them
2. Proofרבא brings a source about a split bed
3. ProofWhat is gone does not come back
4. StatementA shared waiter joins two groups
5. Statementרבי אליעזר: wine without water is not yet real wine
6. Statementחכמים: it is wine either way
7. QuestionWhose view matches שמואל's rule about bread?
8. Responseשמואל follows רבי אליעזר
9. Statementחכמים agree about the כוס של ברכה
10. QuestionWhy do חכמים agree here?
11. ResponseA מצוה should be done in the best way
12. QuestionWhat is undiluted wine good for, according to חכמים?
13. ResponseIt is good for a medicinal drink
14. StatementFour rules of respect for bread
15. Statementמר זוטרא throws fruit to רב אשי
16. Challengeרב אשי objects: one may not throw food
17. Resolutionמר זוטרא: that rule is about bread
18. Challengeרב אשי: a ברייתא says the same as bread
19. Proofמר זוטרא brings an opposite ברייתא
20. ResolutionResolving the two ברייתות: does the food get ruined?
21. StatementWine and food before a חתן and כלה
22. StatementForgot the blessing with food already in his mouth
23. ChallengeThree teachings give three different instructions
24. ResolutionEach teaching is about a different kind of food