Berachos 9a

ברכות ט׳ ע״א

Berakhot 9a

Learn Berachos 9a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Berachos 9a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The deadlines for the nighttime קריאת שמע and for eating the קרבן פסח: dawn, חצות, and the 'time of haste'

Overview

The גמרא finishes explaining רבי שמעון's ברייתא. The time after עמוד השחר is legally day, but it is called 'night' because people are still asleep. רבי יהושע בן לוי was reported to rule like רבי שמעון, and רבי זירא adds that one should not say השכיבנו then. רב יצחק בר יוסף shows that this ruling was only inferred from a story, and it applies only בשעת הדחק. Next, the גמרא explains רבן גמליאל's sons: they were asking whether the חכמים truly disagree with their father. He answers that the חכמים agree the time lasts until dawn, and 'until חצות' is only a fence against sin. The משנה leaves eating the קרבן פסח off its until-dawn list. רב יוסף explains this as a מחלוקת: רבי אלעזר בן עזריה says until חצות, and רבי עקיבא says until dawn. The גמרא traces their sources and matches them to רבי אליעזר and רבי יהושע. רבי אבא then explains the argument as one over whose 'haste' the תורה means. Finally, an אגדה begins: הקדוש ברוך הוא asked ישראל, 'please,' to borrow silver and gold from מצרים, and the reason continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (35)

1. ResolutionThe time after dawn is really day, but called night
2. StatementThe halacha follows רבי שמעון
3. StatementDo not say השכיבנו at that time
4. RejectionThe ruling was only inferred, not said outright
5. ProofThe wedding story: rely on רבי שמעון only under pressure
6. StatementQuoting the story of רבן גמליאל's sons
7. ChallengeDidn't the sons already know their father's view?
8. ResolutionThe sons were asking whether the חכמים argue with their father
9. Responseרבן גמליאל: the חכמים agree with me, so you must still read
10. StatementQuoting the next line: 'And not only this did they say'
11. ChallengeDoes רבן גמליאל really hold 'until midnight'?
12. ResolutionHe was explaining the view of the חכמים
13. StatementQuoting the burning of fats from the משנה
14. StatementEating the קרבן פסח is missing from the list
15. ChallengeA ברייתא says the פסח may be eaten until dawn
16. Resolutionרב יוסף: the two sources follow two different תנאים
17. Proofרבי אלעזר בן עזריה learns 'until חצות' from 'this night'
18. Challengeרבי עקיבא: the פסח is eaten until the 'time of haste'
19. QuestionThen why does the תורה say 'at night'?
20. Response'At night' teaches that the פסח is eaten at night, not by day
21. QuestionWhat does the word 'this' teach according to רבי עקיבא?
22. Response'This night' rules out a second night of eating
23. QuestionWhere does רבי אלעזר בן עזריה learn the one-night rule?
24. ResponseHe learns it from 'do not leave any over until morning'
25. ResponseWhy רבי עקיבא cannot rely on 'until morning' alone
26. Rejectionרבי אלעזר בן עזריה: 'morning' always means the first morning
27. StatementThe same argument appears in an earlier ברייתא
28. Statementרבי אליעזר: by the time of leaving מצרים, the פסח is already leftover to burn
29. Statementרבי יהושע: you may keep eating until the time of leaving מצרים
30. StatementEveryone agrees: redeemed at night, left by day
31. StatementThe argument is about 'haste': רבי אלעזר בן עזריה says the Egyptians' haste
32. Statementרבי עקיבא says the haste was Israel's
33. ProofA ברייתא supports that the redemption began at night
34. StatementThe word 'נא' means 'please'
35. StatementGod pleads with משה to have Israel borrow silver and gold