Eruvin 20b

עירובין כ׳ ע״ב

Learn Eruvin 20b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Eruvin 20b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

How much of an animal must be inside the פסי ביראות when it drinks or is fed, and for whom the פסי ביראות leniency was made

Overview

The גמרא finishes a ברייתא saying that a person drinking from another domain needs his ראשו ורובו (head and most of his body) inside, and that the same is true in a גת. It then asks whether a cow drinking at the פסי ביראות also needs ראשה ורובה inside, and splits the question by whether he holds only the bucket or also the cow. Proofs from our משנה are rejected, along with a ברייתא forbidding holding water before one's animal. אביי explains that ברייתא as a special גזירה about a manger reaching into the רשות הרבים. After a challenge from רבי יוחנן's rule, the גמרא changes the reason for that גזירה to the worry that he will carry the bucket back in. The whole discussion is then retold in a second version (איכא דאמרי), where the easy and doubtful cases are switched. Next, ברייתות about force-feeding a camel or animal are brought as proofs. רב ששת answers that a camel is different because of its long neck, and a ברייתא of רבי אלעזר supports him. Finally, רבי יצחק בר אדא says פסי ביראות were permitted only for עולי רגלים, which is reconciled with a ברייתא that says 'animals'. The rule for a person continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. StatementThe same rule applies in a winepress
2. QuestionDoes a cow also need its head and most of its body inside?
3. QuestionNarrowing the question to holding both bucket and cow
4. ProofAttempted proof from our משנה
5. RejectionRejection: the משנה may be about holding only the bucket
6. ChallengeIs holding only the bucket even allowed?
7. Resolutionאביי limits the ברייתא to a special manger case
8. ResolutionThe reason: a fear he will carry the bucket out
9. ChallengeWould he even be liable for carrying the bucket out?
10. ResolutionA new reason for the decree: carrying the bucket back in
11. QuestionSecond version: is head-and-most enough for a cow?
12. QuestionNarrowing the question to holding only the bucket
13. ProofProof from the משנה about a cow at the well
14. RejectionThe proof is pushed off: he holds the cow too
15. ProofSupport from a teaching that forbids holding only the bucket
16. Rejectionאביי explains the teaching as a special case of a manger
17. ChallengeWould he really be liable for carrying out after changing his mind?
18. ResolutionThe worry is bringing the bucket back in
19. ChallengeA proof from force-feeding a camel
20. ResolutionA camel is different because of its long neck
21. ChallengeA second proof about any animal
22. ResolutionThe word 'animal' here also means a camel
23. ChallengeOne source says animal and another says camel
24. ResolutionThe two ברייתות were not taught side by side
25. ProofA ברייתא supports the idea that a camel is special
26. Statementפסי ביראות were permitted only for festival pilgrims
27. ChallengeA ברייתא says the leniency was only for animals
28. ResolutionIt means the animals of festival pilgrims