Eruvin 23a

עירובין כ״ג ע״א

Learn Eruvin 23a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

שמואל's rulings on פסי ביראות, the משנה on carrying in an enclosed garden or קרפף, and the meaning of ״וְעוֹד״

Overview

The amud opens with two rulings of שמואל about פסי ביראות. First, the הלכה follows רבי יהודה בן בבא, so the boards are allowed only for a public well. Second, they are allowed only for a well of מים חיים. Through a צריכותא, the גמרא shows that each ruling adds its own condition, so the well must be both public and spring-fed. Next comes a new משנה about carrying in a walled גינה or קרפף of about seventy אמות square. רבי יהודה בן בבא requires a sign of living there, רבי יהודה accepts a water feature, and רבי עקיבא requires nothing beyond the size limit. רבי אליעזר and רבי יוסי then argue about whether the area must be square. רבי אלעאי reports three rulings he heard from his teacher, but no other student confirmed them. The גמרא then asks why the משנה says ״וְעוֹד״ and concludes that it fits only when the same תנא's statements are not broken up by an argument on a different topic. Finally, it quotes רבי עקיבא's view to open a new discussion.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. Statementשמואל rules like רבי יהודה בן בבא
2. StatementBoards are allowed only for a spring-water well
3. ResolutionWhy the second ruling is needed: a public cistern
4. ResolutionThe משנה's wording does not settle it, so שמואל had to say it
5. ConclusionWhy the first ruling is needed: a private spring well
6. Statementרבי יהודה בן בבא: an enclosed garden needs a living element
7. Statementרבי יהודה: even a water feature is enough
8. Statementרבי עקיבא: only the size limit matters
9. Statementרבי אליעזר: it must be a perfect square
10. Statementרבי יוסי: even double length is fine
11. Statementרבי אלעאי: a tradition allowing even a בית כור
12. StatementA neighbor who forgot to join the courtyard עירוב
13. Statementערקבלין can be used for מרור
14. StatementNo other student heard these rulings
15. QuestionWhat does the word 'furthermore' refer back to?
16. ResponseFirst suggestion: one stringency followed by another
17. ChallengeBut רבי יהודה also taught two stringencies without 'furthermore'
18. ResolutionThe difference: the חכמים interrupted there, but not here
19. ChallengeChallenge from רבי אליעזר in מסכת סוכה
20. ResolutionSame-topic interruption versus different-topic interruption
21. Statementרבי עקיבא: one may carry even without any sign of living there