Eruvin 30b

עירובין ל׳ ע״ב

Learn Eruvin 30b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Eruvin 30b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Making an עירוב with food the person cannot eat: בית שמאי and בית הלל, חנניה's view, סומכוס on תרומה and personal measures, and a כהן's עירוב in a בית הפרס or cemetery (אהל זרוק)

Overview

The amud opens at the end of a ברייתא in which בית הלל argue with בית שמאי about making an עירוב with food the person himself cannot eat. בית שמאי admit that an עירוב works for an adult on יום הכפורים. They still reject wine for a נזיר and תרומה for a ישראל, because that food was never fit for them, even before the holy day began. The גמרא notes that this ברייתא does not follow חנניה. In חנניה's version, בית שמאי require a person to actually move his bed and belongings, and the גמרא uses that view to explain a ברייתא about black and white clothing. Next the גמרא explains סומכוס, who forbids a תרומה עירוב for a ישראל. After several attempts, it concludes that separating תרומה is a שבות that is already forbidden at בין השמשות, the moment the עירוב takes effect. רבי זירא shows that סומכוס is also behind the rule that the two-meal amount is measured by each person, but a glutton's huge appetite is ignored. Finally, the גמרא explains why a כהן may place his עירוב in a בית הפרס, and why רבי יהודה allows it even in a cemetery: a moving container (אהל זרוק) counts as a tent, a point on which תנאים disagree. The amud ends as the גמרא begins quoting another ברייתא from רבי יהודה, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (33)

1. Challengeבית הלל point to the יום הכפורים case
2. Responseבית שמאי agree
3. Challengeבית הלל compare the נזיר and the ישראל to יום הכפורים
4. Resolutionבית שמאי's distinction: the food was fit while it was still day
5. QuestionWhose view does this ברייתא follow?
6. Proofחנניה's report: בית שמאי require actually moving one's home
7. QuestionWhose view is the ברייתא about black and white clothing?
8. ResponseIt follows חנניה's version of בית שמאי
9. ChallengeBut חנניה requires all one's belongings
10. ResolutionCorrecting the ברייתא's wording
11. ConclusionThe corrected ברייתא is חנניה's view of בית שמאי
12. Statementסומכוס disputes תרומה but not a נזיר's wine
13. ResponseA נזיר can annul his vow
14. ChallengeWhy not annul the תרומה too?
15. ResolutionAnnulled תרומה becomes טבל
16. ChallengeWhy not separate תרומה for it from other produce?
17. Resolutionחברים don't separate from produce that isn't nearby
18. ChallengeWhy not separate from the עירוב food itself?
19. ResolutionNot enough would be left for an עירוב
20. ChallengeWhy assume such a narrow case?
21. ResolutionRabbinic שבת bans already apply at בין השמשות
22. QuestionWhose view says measures depend on each person?
23. Responseרבי זירא: it is סומכוס
24. ChallengeDoes this clash with רבי שמעון בן אלעזר about a glutton?
25. ResolutionThe personal measure applies only to the sick and elderly
26. StatementWhy a כהן may place his עירוב in a בית הפרס
27. StatementA trodden בית הפרס is pure
28. Statementרבי יהודה: even in a cemetery, because the כהן can travel in a closed box
29. ConclusionA moving tent counts as a tent
30. StatementA ברייתא where תנאים argue about traveling inside a carriage
31. QuestionWhat exactly are they arguing about?
32. ResponseThey argue whether a moving tent counts as a tent
33. StatementIntroducing another teaching from רבי יהודה