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Eruvin 69b

עירובין ס״ט ע״ב

Learn Eruvin 69b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Public חילול שבת and מומר status, and the משנה on giving and renouncing courtyard רשות for עירוב חצרות

Overview

The amud opens with the end of a challenge to רב הונא, who said that a Jew who publicly desecrates שבת is a מומר. The challenge is a ברייתא saying that only עבודה זרה makes someone a מומר for the whole תורה. רב נחמן בר יצחק answers that רב הונא meant only that such a person cannot give or renounce רשות in a courtyard. He supports this with a ברייתא contrasting how a Jew and a גוי transfer rights. רב אשי answers that רב הונא's rule is general and follows a תנא who equates שבת with עבודה זרה. He proves it from a ברייתא about accepting קרבנות from sinners, which lists the one who pours wine for idols together with the public מחלל שבת. Then a new משנה teaches what happens when one or two residents forget to join the עירוב חצרות, and who may give or receive רשות. The גמרא explains the משנה's wording: the house versus the courtyard, the idea of a guest, and why two who forgot block each other. The amud ends partway through an answer about why the rule that two may give רשות is not obvious, and that answer continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

עַד דְּהָוֵי מוּמָר לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.

until he is an apostate with regard to idol worship.

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק:

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said:

לִיתֵּן רְשׁוּת וּלְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת.

[Rav Huna meant only] for giving rights and renouncing rights.

וְכִדְתַנְיָא: יִשְׂרָאֵל מוּמָר,

And as it was taught: An apostate Jew,

The steps (32)

  1. ChallengeThe challenge ends: only idol worship makes someone a full apostate
  2. Resolutionרב הונא meant only giving and renouncing courtyard rights
  3. ProofA ברייתא supports the narrow reading
  4. StatementWhy it matters: a Jew transfers rights by speech, a גוי only by renting
  5. Resolutionרב אשי: רב הונא follows a תנא who treats שבת like idol worship
  6. ProofThe ברייתא on the word "of you": some of you, not all of you
  7. ProofSacrifices are accepted from sinners, except three types
  8. ChallengeThe ברייתא seems to contradict itself
  9. ResolutionTwo kinds of מומר: for the whole תורה or for one sin
  10. ChallengeThe last clause does not fit either kind of מומר
  11. ResolutionThe last clause means pouring wine for idols and public חילול שבת
  12. Conclusionעבודה זרה and public חילול שבת are equal
  13. StatementOne resident forgot to join the עירוב
  14. StatementIf the others give their rights to him
  15. StatementTwo who forgot block each other
  16. StatementWhen may rights be given up
  17. StatementCarrying after giving up rights
  18. StatementReading the משנה: only his house is forbidden
  19. ChallengeEither way, the split makes no sense
  20. ResolutionHe gave up the courtyard but not the house
  21. QuestionWhy may he use the others' houses?
  22. ResponseHe is like their guest
  23. ChallengeWhy can't they be his guests?
  24. ResolutionOne among many is a guest, many with one are not
  25. ProofTrying to prove that people can renounce back and forth
  26. RejectionNo proof: the second case is a separate situation
  27. ChallengeWhy say that two forgetful residents restrict each other?
  28. ResolutionThe new case: one of the two renounced to the other
  29. ChallengeWhy add 'one person gives rights'?
  30. ResolutionThe wording was needed for the latter clause: two can give rights
  31. ChallengeBut two giving rights is also obvious
  32. ResolutionOpening of the answer: you might have thought