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Eruvin 80a

עירובין פ׳ ע״א

Learn Eruvin 80a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Defining an אשרה; lifting the שיתוף barrel; whether עירובין require זיכוי; a wife making an עירוב without her husband

Overview

This עמוד opens by finishing the definition of an אשרה, a tree used for idol worship. It then brings שמואל's definition, and the elders of פומבדיתא rule like שמואל. Next the גמרא defends רב יהודה's rule that the שיתוף barrel must be lifted a טפח: a ברייתא's word 'משהו' is read as meaning a טפח. רב and שמואל then argue about whether the food of an עירוב must be formally given over (זיכוי), and each takes the opposite side for שיתופי מבואות and for עירובי תחומין. The story of רבי אושעיא's daughter-in-law shows that רב's view has a source among the תנאים, since רבי חייא invalidated an עירוב made without זיכוי. רב נחמן rules that every type of עירוב needs זיכוי, and he asks about עירובי תבשילין, which leads to a debate between רב יוסף and אביי. Two stories teach that a wife may make an עירוב without her husband's knowledge. The גמרא reconciles this with a ברייתא that says the opposite: it applies only where the husband would otherwise forbid his neighbors. The עמוד ends with a suggested support for שמואל, that residents may force a neighbor to build a לחי and קורה.

Opening lines

וְאֵין טוֹעֲמִין מִפֵּירוֹתֶיהָ.

and they do not taste from its fruit.

וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר:

And Shmuel said:

כְּגוֹן דְּאָמְרִי

For example, when they say:

״הָנֵי תַּמְרֵי לְשִׁיכְרָא

'These dates are for the beer

The steps (29)

  1. StatementEnd of the previous definition of an אשרה tree
  2. Statementשמואל's definition: the fruit is set aside for an idolatrous festival
  3. ConclusionThe הלכה follows שמואל
  4. ChallengeA ברייתא says the barrel only needs to be lifted slightly
  5. ResolutionIn this ברייתא, 'משהו' means a טפח
  6. Statementרב and שמואל disagree about handing over the food, in two areas
  7. Challengeשמואל's view fits the משנה, but what is רב's reason?
  8. Resolutionרב's view is a dispute among תנאים: the story begins
  9. Proofרבי חייא forbids, and רבי ישמעאל ברבי יוסי objects
  10. QuestionWhy was the daughter-in-law's עירוב invalid?
  11. Responseרבי יעקב reports from רבי יוחנן: it was the mother-in-law's food
  12. Statementרבי זירא tells רבי יעקב to check with רב יעקב בר אידי
  13. QuestionThe question is put to רב יעקב בר אידי
  14. Responseרב יעקב בר אידי gives the same answer: her own food, but no transfer of ownership
  15. Statementרב נחמן: all three kinds of עירוב require granting ownership
  16. Questionרב נחמן asks: does an עירובי תבשילין require granting ownership?
  17. Challengeרב יוסף: why ask, when שמואל already ruled on this?
  18. Resolutionאביי: obviously רב נחמן never heard שמואל's ruling
  19. Rejectionרב יוסף: maybe he heard it but disagrees with שמואל
  20. Rejectionאביי defends his reasoning about רב נחמן
  21. QuestionNeighbors ask רבי זירא about renting from the official's wife
  22. Responseרבי זירא permits renting from the wife
  23. QuestionThe same question reaches several rabbis who have no answer
  24. Responseרב יהודה answers in the name of שמואל
  25. ChallengeA ברייתא says a wife's עירוב without her husband's knowledge is invalid
  26. ResolutionThe two sources describe different kinds of husbands
  27. ProofSupport from another ruling of שמואל about forcing a neighbor to join
  28. ConclusionOnly someone who usually joins can be forced, so the answer is proven
  29. ProofA suggested support for שמואל from forcing a resident to build a side post and beam