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Eruvin 96a

עירובין צ״ו ע״א

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Topic

Two pairs of תפילין on שבת and the search for the תנא who holds that שבת is a time for תפילין

Overview

The משנה discusses someone who finds תפילין outside on שבת and brings them in by wearing them. The תנא קמא (רבי מאיר) allows one pair at a time, while רבן גמליאל allows two. The גמרא first offers another explanation: all agree that fulfilling a מצוה needs no כוונה, and they argue whether violating בל תוסיף needs כוונה. It then proposes that they argue about violating בל תוסיף at the wrong time (שלא בזמנו), but it rejects this with two challenges, and it returns to the earlier answers. Next the גמרא asks which תנא holds that שבת is a time for תפילין. It suggests רבי עקיבא, who reads the verse ״ושמרת את החקה הזאת״ as only about פסח, and it defends that reading against a challenge from רבי אבין's rule about ״השמר״. But a ברייתא shows that רבי עקיבא excludes שבת because it is itself an אות. The גמרא then tries רבי נתן, who allows תפילין at night, but it rejects that proof as well. Finally it suggests the חכמים who did not stop מיכל בת כושי from wearing תפילין, and it begins to push back on that proof, a discussion that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא:

And if you wish, say:

דְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לָצֵאת לָא בָּעֵי כַּוּוֹנָה,

Everyone agrees that to fulfill a מצוה one does not need intent,

וְהָכָא לַעֲבוֹר מִשּׁוּם ״בַּל תּוֹסִיף״ קָמִיפַּלְגִי,

and here they disagree about violating 'Do not add,'

דְּתַנָּא קַמָּא סָבַר:

for the first tanna holds:

The steps (17)

  1. ResolutionNew explanation: the argument is about כוונה for violating בל תוסיף
  2. ResolutionAnother explanation begins: if שבת were a time for תפילין, כוונה would not matter
  3. ResolutionThe argument is about violating at the wrong time (שלא בזמנו)
  4. ChallengeChallenge: by this logic, רבי מאיר should forbid even one pair
  5. ChallengeSleeping in the סוכה on the Eighth Day
  6. ConclusionReturn to the Original Answers
  7. QuestionWho Holds That שבת Is a Time for תפילין?
  8. Responseרבי עקיבא; רבי יוסי הגלילי's Opposing Reading
  9. Proofרבי עקיבא Limits the Verse to פסח
  10. ChallengeDoes the משנה Contradict רבי עקיבא?
  11. Proofרבי אבין's Rule: 'Guard,' 'Lest,' 'Do Not'
  12. Resolutionהשמר on a positive מצוה counts as a positive מצוה
  13. Challengeרבי עקיבא himself excludes שבת from תפילין
  14. ResponseA new answer: רבי נתן, who allows תפילין at night
  15. RejectionNight may be allowed while Shabbat is still excluded
  16. ResponseA new candidate: the Sages who let Michal wear tefillin
  17. RejectionBeginning to push back: perhaps that tanna holds otherwise