Gittin 49b

גיטין מ״ט ע״ב

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Topic

Which quality of land ניזקין, a בעל חוב and a כתובה are collected from, the reasons behind these rules, and מר זוטרא's limit on the כתובה rule

Overview

The גמרא brings a ברייתא where רבי עקיבא says the תורה's 'best of his field' means the best land of the מזיק. רבינא explains that the משנה follows רבי עקיבא, and its words 'מפני תיקון העולם' only give the reason for the תורה law, the way רבי שמעון explains the reasons behind פסוקים. רבי שמעון's ברייתא gives those reasons. ניזקין collect from עידית so people won't rob. A בעל חוב collects from בינונית so people won't lend just to grab a nice field, but not from זיבורית, because then no one would lend. A כתובה is collected from זיבורית because a woman wants to marry more than a man does. His 'דבר אחר' explains why the husband gets no כתובה from his wife: divorce is always in the husband's hands. מר זוטרא then says the זיבורית rule for a כתובה applies only when collecting from orphans, and from the husband himself she gets בינונית. The גמרא defends him against challenges from רבא and אביי. To answer אביי, רב אחא בר יעקב sets the משנה in a case where a father was a קבלן for his son's debts. The amud ends with a teaching that everyone agrees a regular עָרֵב for a כתובה is not bound, and the discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. ProofA ברייתא shows how רבי ישמעאל and רבי עקיבא read 'the best of his field'
2. Resolutionרבינא: the משנה follows both רבי עקיבא and רבי שמעון
3. Proofרבי שמעון: ניזקין collect from the best land so people won't rob
4. StatementWhy a creditor collects only from middle-quality land
5. ChallengeThen let the lender collect from the worst land
6. ResolutionThat would stop people from lending at all
7. StatementWhere a כתובה is collected from, and רבי שמעון's reason
8. Statementרבי שמעון's second statement: divorce depends on the husband
9. QuestionWhat is the 'other explanation' for?
10. ResponseWhy there is no כתובה for the husband
11. Statementמר זוטרא limits the זיבורית rule to orphans
12. ChallengeIf it means orphans, why mention the כתובה at all?
13. ResolutionThe כתובה needed to be mentioned anyway
14. Proofרבא brings רבי מאיר's opinion
15. ChallengeSo the רבנן say זיבורית even from the husband
16. Rejectionרבי מאיר may be talking about orphans after all
17. Proofאביי quotes the משנה's list of land qualities
18. ChallengeIf it meant orphans, why single out the כתובה?
19. ResolutionThe father was a guarantor for his son
20. ResolutionEach debt follows its own rule
21. ChallengeA guarantor of a כתובה is not bound at all
22. ResolutionThe father was a full-responsibility guarantor
23. ChallengeWhat about the opinion that a קבלן needs the borrower to have property?
24. ResolutionThe son had property that was later ruined
25. ResolutionA father fully binds himself for his son
26. StatementEveryone agrees a guarantor for a marriage contract is not bound