Horayos 12b

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Horayot 12b

Learn Horayos 12b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The special laws of the כהן גדול and similar כהנים, how a כהן גדול mourns, and the rules of what comes first

Overview

The גמרא shows that the second half of the משנה, about a former כהן גדול, follows רבי מאיר. That raises a problem: the first half follows the רבנן, who argue with him. רב חסדא, רב יוסף and רבא each answer this. רבא says the whole משנה is רבי שמעון, and a ברייתא listing the special laws of a כהן גדול backs him up. The גמרא then shows which of these laws also apply to the משוח מלחמה, using פסוקים in ויקרא 21. A question about a כהן גדול with צרעת marrying an אלמנה is answered from a ברייתא about a כהן גדול with מומין. A new משנה teaches how a כהן גדול tears his clothes in mourning, and that he may serve as an אונן. רב and שמואל argue about where he tears. A last משנה teaches that whatever is more frequent, and whoever is holier, comes first, and the גמרא finds a source for each rule.

Opening lines

The steps (37)

1. StatementQuoting the second half of the משנה
2. ProofThe second half matches רבי מאיר
3. Statementרבי יוסי disagrees and tells a story
4. StatementWhy the replacement could not serve in either role
5. ChallengeCan one משנה follow two opposing views?
6. Resolutionרב חסדא: Yes, it really is split
7. Resolutionרב יוסף: רבי arranged it using different תנאים
8. Resolutionרבא: It is all רבי שמעון
9. ProofA ברייתא lists how a כהן גדול differs from a regular כהן
10. ProofMore special laws of the כהן גדול
11. ProofWhich laws apply to a מרובה בגדים and to a former כהן גדול
12. StatementThe war-anointed כהן and the argument over the accidental killer
13. QuestionHow do we know this ברייתא is רבי שמעון's?
14. Responseרב פפא: Only רבי שמעון exempts the כהן גדול for טומאת מקדש
15. QuestionWhere do the five shared laws come from?
16. ResponseOne פסוק describes three kinds of כהנים
17. ProofThe משוח מלחמה may not serve as an אונן
18. ProofThe word והוא brings the משוח מלחמה back for בתולה
19. StatementThis matches רבי ישמעאל's reading
20. Statementרבי עקיבא uses והוא for a different case
21. Questionרבא asks about a כהן גדול who became a מצורע
22. Statementרב נחמן had no answer
23. ResponseA ברייתא answers the question about the כהן גדול with צרעת
24. Conclusionרב פפא honors הונא for his answer
25. Statementמשנה: How a כהן גדול tears his garments in mourning
26. Statementמשנה: A כהן גדול may serve as an אונן but not eat
27. Statementרב and שמואל argue about where the tear is made
28. ChallengeA ברייתא about tearing the neckline challenges שמואל
29. Resolutionשמואל follows רבי יהודה on what counts as a real tear
30. ChallengeDoes רבי יהודה even allow a כהן גדול to tear?
31. Resolutionשמואל agrees with רבי יהודה on one point only
32. StatementNew משנה: the more frequent and the holier come first
33. StatementThe anointed priest's bull comes before the community's bull
34. QuestionThe גמרא asks for the source of 'more frequent comes first'
35. Responseאביי learns it from the extra words 'daily burnt-offering'
36. QuestionThe גמרא asks for the source of 'more holy comes first'
37. ResponseSchool of רבי ישמעאל: 'And you shall sanctify him' gives the כהן priority