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Kereisos 4b

כריתות ד׳ ע״ב

Keritot 4b

Learn Kereisos 4b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Kereisos 4b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Lashes and sin offerings for forbidden fat and blood, the sources for כרת and לאוין on blood, and lashes for eating מעשר outside ירושלים

Overview

The amud opens by asking which תנא a ברייתא follows when it makes someone owe two חטאות for eating forbidden fat. Neither רבי ישמעאל nor רבי יהודה works, because both agree that only one חטאת is brought. So ריש לקיש explains that the person ate from two separate dishes, following רבי יהושע. The גמרא then turns to the lashes for eating חלב of מוקדשין: the רבנן say two sets of lashes and רבי יהודה says three. Their argument depends on whether the verse 'חלב שור' also covers קדשים, and on whether a לאו can be learned from a nearby verse of כרת. Next, the גמרא explains how each side uses the היקש between חלב and blood. For רבי יהודה, it gives blood three sets of lashes. For the רבנן, it teaches when blood joins with flesh to make a full amount, which also covers a snake. רבא then explains the Torah's three mentions of כרת and five לאוין about blood. Finally, רבי אילא rules that eating מעשר of grain, wine and oil outside ירושלים brings three sets of lashes, and the גמרא starts working out which verse is extra; that discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אַלְמָא לָא אוֹקְמַהּ כְּרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל,

Evidently, he did not establish it according to Rabbi Yishmael,

דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא:

because Rabbi Chanina said:

מוֹדֶה הָיָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל לְעִנְיַן קׇרְבָּן

Rabbi Yishmael would concede with regard to an offering

שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא חַטָּאת אַחַת,

that he is liable to only one sin offering,

The steps (36)

  1. StatementWhy the ברייתא was not explained like רבי ישמעאל
  2. ChallengeThe same problem applies to רבי יהודה
  3. ResolutionThe case is eating from two separate dishes
  4. StatementBack to the ruling on lashes for forbidden fat
  5. ChallengeThree verses fit רבי יהודה, so what is the reasoning of the רבנן?
  6. ResolutionThe רבנן split the two חלב verses between קדשים and חולין
  7. StatementWhy the Torah needed a verse for חולין
  8. ConclusionWhy the Torah needed a verse for קדשים, so both are needed
  9. Statementרבי יהודה reads 'חלב שור' as also about קדשים
  10. ChallengeDo the Rabbis reject learning from context?
  11. ResolutionEveryone learns from context; the argument is about learning from כרת
  12. ChallengeWhat does רבי יהודה do with 'כל חלב וכל דם'?
  13. ResolutionThe verse compares blood to חלב
  14. ChallengeBlood already has two verses, so why is a היקש needed?
  15. ResolutionReworking the comparison: three sets of lashes, not two
  16. ChallengeBlood already has three prohibitions, so why the comparison?
  17. ResolutionThe comparison is needed because blood is left out of the impurity ban
  18. ChallengeWhat is the comparison for according to the רבנן?
  19. ResolutionThe היקש teaches which blood joins with the flesh
  20. ChallengeThe rule for שרצים already comes from a different verse
  21. ResolutionThe other verse covers טומאה; the היקש covers eating
  22. StatementA snake's blood and flesh join together
  23. ChallengeIsn't this just the היקש?
  24. ResolutionA snake might have been treated differently from a שרץ
  25. StatementThree mentions of כרת for blood
  26. ChallengeThis only works for רבי יהודה
  27. ChallengeWhat is the third כרת for according to the רבנן?
  28. ChallengeEven רבי יהודה learns this כרת from 'כל דם'
  29. ProofThe ברייתא showing רבי יהודה learns from 'כל דם'
  30. ResolutionRereading רבא's three כרתות
  31. Statementרבא explains the five לאוין about blood
  32. StatementThree sets of lashes for eating tithe of grain, wine and oil
  33. ChallengeOne is not lashed for a general prohibition
  34. ResolutionThe verses are extra
  35. ProofShowing which verse is extra
  36. RejectionThe second verse is needed for a real prohibition