Kiddushin 35a

קידושין ל״ה ע״א

Learn Kiddushin 35a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Where we learn women's exemption from time-bound positive מצוות (the היקש to תפילין), and the sources that women equal men in prohibitions, money cases and deaths.

Overview

Just before this, the גמרא explained why women's exemption from time-bound positive מצוות is learned from תפילין and not from other cases. מצה and הקהל, and also תלמוד תורה and פרו ורבו, are each שני כתובים הבאים כאחד, and two such verses do not teach a general rule. Here the גמרא asks how this works for רבי יוחנן בן ברוקא, who holds women are obligated in פרו ורבו. It answers that תלמוד תורה and פדיון הבן are two verses that come as one, and it shows that פריה ורביה and מורא are each needed, so they are not such a pair. Then it asks about the view that two such verses DO teach. רבא sends us to the scholars of פפוניא, who turn out to be רב אחא בר יעקב. He compares the whole Torah to תפילין, so women are exempt from time-bound positive מצוות and obligated in the rest. The גמרא defends this for רבי מאיר and for רבי יהודה, who holds there are three verses (מצה, שמחה, הקהל), and three verses never teach. Finally it turns to the משנה's rule on negative מצוות. It brings three sources that women equal men in punishments, money cases and deaths, and begins explaining why each one is needed. That explanation continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (19)

1. QuestionWhat about the view that women must have children?
2. ResponseTorah study and redeeming the firstborn are two verses that come as one
3. ChallengeThen having children and fearing parents should also be two verses that come as one
4. ResolutionBoth are needed: fear alone would not teach having children
5. ResolutionBoth are needed: having children alone would not teach fear of parents
6. ChallengeBut what about the view that two such verses do teach?
7. Responseרבא: the scholars of פפוניא know the reason
8. ResponseWho the scholars of פפוניא are, and their comparison to תפילין
9. ConclusionSo women are obligated in מצוות that are not time-bound
10. ChallengeWhat about the view that תפילין is not time-bound?
11. Resolutionרבי מאיר: מצה and הקהל do not teach
12. ChallengeWhat about רבי יהודה?
13. ResolutionThree verses that come as one never teach
14. QuestionSource for women in negative מצוות
15. ResponseA man or woman: equal in all punishments
16. ResponseSchool of רבי אליעזר: women equal men in money cases
17. ResponseSchool of חזקיה: women equal men regarding deaths
18. StatementWhy the money source is needed beyond the first source
19. StatementWhy the ransom source is needed beyond the money source