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Kiddushin 3b

קידושין ג׳ ע״ב

Learn Kiddushin 3b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Why the משנה counts 'two ways' (excluding חליצה), and the source that קידושין works with כסף and that a daughter's קידושין money goes to her father

Overview

The amud opens with the end of an earlier answer: a woman will not give herself over for less than a פרוטה, so חליפין is not a way of קידושין. Next the גמרא says the 'two ways' a woman goes free exclude חליצה, and proves from 'ספר כריתות' that only a document cuts a marriage. Then a new section asks for the source that a woman is acquired with כסף, and that a daughter's קידושין money belongs to her father. רב יהודה in the name of רב learns both from 'ויצאה חנם אין כסף': money goes to another master, the father. The גמרא asks why the money should not go to the girl herself, especially a נערה, and answers with 'בנעוריה בית אביה'. But רב הונא's separate source for a daughter's earnings shows that this פסוק is only about vows. Vows, fines, and בושת ופגם all fail as sources for money law. So the גמרא returns to 'יצאה חנם אין כסף' and begins a logical argument that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

לָא מַקְנְיָא נַפְשַׁהּ.

does not render herself acquired.

מִנְיָינָא דְסֵיפָא

The number in the latter clause

לְמַעוֹטֵי מַאי –

serves to exclude what?

לְמַעוֹטֵי חֲלִיצָה.

To exclude חליצה.

The steps (19)

  1. ResolutionA woman does not give herself over so cheaply
  2. QuestionWhat does the number in the second half exclude?
  3. ResponseIt excludes חליצה, which a קל וחומר might have suggested
  4. ChallengeMaybe the קל וחומר is actually correct
  5. ResolutionOnly a written document cuts the marriage
  6. QuestionWhat is the source for קידושין with כסף?
  7. QuestionAnd why does the money go to her father?
  8. ResponseThe money goes to the father, learned from 'without money'
  9. ChallengeWhy not give the money to the girl herself?
  10. ResolutionThe father gives her in marriage, so he takes the money
  11. ChallengeMaybe that is only true for a young girl, not an older one
  12. ResolutionAll the profit of her youth goes to her father
  13. ChallengeThen why does רב הונא need a different source for a daughter's earnings?
  14. Resolutionרב הונא reads the פסוק as being only about vows
  15. ChallengeThen the קידושין money is not covered by that פסוק either
  16. RejectionMoney laws cannot be learned from vows
  17. RejectionMoney laws cannot be learned from a fine
  18. RejectionShame and damage payments are different
  19. ResolutionBack to 'יצאה חנם אין כסף', with a logical argument