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Kiddushin 41b

קידושין מ״א ע״ב

Learn Kiddushin 41b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Where does the תורה teach שליחות for תרומה, גירושין and קדשים, and what do the words 'גם אתם' teach?

Overview

The גמרא finishes a משנה showing that a שליח can separate תרומה, and asks for the source. Learning it from גירושין fails, because גירושין is חול, so the פסוק 'גם אתם' is brought to include a שליח. Next comes a משנה showing that a שליח can slaughter a קרבן פסח for a group. The source for that is רבי יהושע בן קרחה's famous rule, שלוחו של אדם כמותו. No single case can teach another, because each has its own special feature. When the גמרא tries learning one case from the other two, קדשים and גירושין fail, but תרומה can be learned from them. That frees 'גם אתם' to teach רבי ינאי's rule that a שליח must be one of the בני ברית. The גמרא defends that need against רבי יוחנן's principle and against the view of רבי שמעון. Finally it asks how רבי יונתן, who reads the פסח פסוק differently, learns שליחות for קדשים, and his ברייתא continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

פִּיחֵת עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ הוֹסִיף עֲשָׂרָה –

If he subtracted ten or added ten,

תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְּרוּמָה.

his teruma is teruma.

מְנָלַן?

From where do we derive this?

וְכִי תֵּימָא דְּיָלֵיף מִגֵּירוּשִׁין –

And if you would say that it is learned from divorce,

The steps (26)

  1. StatementA messenger's slightly-off amount still counts as תרומה
  2. QuestionWhat is the source for a messenger separating תרומה?
  3. RejectionDivorce is a non-sacred matter, so it cannot teach about תרומה
  4. ResponseThe extra word 'also' includes a messenger
  5. ChallengeWhy not write it only by תרומה and learn the rest from there?
  6. Resolutionתרומה is special because it works with thought alone
  7. StatementA messenger slaughters the lost קרבן פסח for the group
  8. QuestionWhat is the source for a messenger with קדשים?
  9. RejectionThe earlier cases are non-sacred compared to offerings
  10. ResponseThe source for agency in the קרבן פסח
  11. ChallengeWhy not write agency only for offerings?
  12. ResolutionOfferings are mostly done through agents
  13. ChallengeLearn one case from the other two
  14. QuestionWhich case would be learned?
  15. RejectionOfferings cannot be learned from the other two
  16. RejectionDivorce cannot be learned from the other two
  17. ChallengeMaybe תרומה is the case learned from the other two
  18. ResolutionYes, תרומה is indeed learned from the other two
  19. ChallengeThen why do we need the words "גם אתם"?
  20. Resolution"גם אתם" teaches that an agent must be a Jew
  21. ChallengeIsn't רבי ינאי's rule already known from רבי יוחנן?
  22. ResolutionA נכרי is different, because his own תרומה counts
  23. ChallengeAccording to רבי שמעון, why are the extra words needed?
  24. ResolutionWithout "גם" we would think "אתם" also excludes an agent
  25. ChallengeWhere does רבי יונתן learn agency for קדשים?
  26. Statementרבי יונתן's ברייתא begins