Gemara Clarity

Kiddushin 43b

קידושין מ״ג ע״ב

Learn Kiddushin 43b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Kiddushin 43b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Agents as witnesses to their own act (רב נחמן, and how the money case works), then who may accept a נערה's גט and קידושין: her, her father, or both.

Overview

This amud opens with the end of רב נחמן's rule: the שלוחים who carried out an act can also testify about it. That is true for קידושין and גירושין, and the same is true in דיני ממונות. The גמרא explains why all three cases had to be taught, since each has its own reason to suspect the agents might lie. It then asks how the money case works. If a loan made before witnesses had to be repaid before witnesses, the agents would gain from their own testimony. So רב נחמן must hold that repayment needs no witnesses, and a מיגו makes the agents believable. Now that the חכמים set up שבועת היסת, the agents and the lender each swear, and the borrower pays again. The גמרא then turns to the line "a man can betroth his daughter." It quotes a משנה in גיטין about who may receive a נערה's גט. ריש לקיש says the same argument applies to קידושין. רבי יוחנן says that for קידושין only the father accepts, and רבי יוסי ברבי חנינא explains why: a גט brings her back into her father's authority, while קידושין take her out of it. The amud ends as the גמרא begins a challenge from the case of מאמר, and the source it quotes appears on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְכֵן בְּדִינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת.

And the same is true in money cases.

וּצְרִיכָא דְּאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן בְּקִידּוּשִׁין –

And it is necessary, for if he had taught us only betrothal,

מִשּׁוּם דִּלְמֵיסְרַהּ קָאָתֵי,

that is because they come to make her forbidden,

אֲבָל גֵּירוּשִׁין –

but divorce,

The steps (11)

  1. StatementThe same rule applies to money cases
  2. ResolutionWhy divorce cannot be learned from betrothal
  3. ConclusionWhy money cannot be learned from divorce
  4. ChallengeIf debts must be repaid before witnesses, the agents benefit from their testimony
  5. Resolutionרב נחמן holds a loan need not be repaid in front of witnesses
  6. ConclusionSince שבועת היסת was set up, both sides swear and the borrower pays again
  7. StatementA משנה in גיטין about who receives a נערה's גט
  8. Statementריש לקיש: the same argument applies to קידושין
  9. Statementרבי יוחנן: for קידושין everyone agrees only the father accepts
  10. StatementThe reason behind רבי יוחנן's split between divorce and betrothal
  11. ChallengeA challenge from the case of מאמר begins