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Kiddushin 47a

קידושין מ״ז ע״א

Learn Kiddushin 47a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Two topics: how a man's wording decides whether several small קידושין items add up (רבא), and רב's rule that קידושין with a loan does not work.

Overview

רבא limits the משנה's case of a woman eating the dates. If the man said 'with this, and with this, and with this,' each item is a separate gift, so items she eats do not add up. If he said 'with these,' all the items are one package and already hers, so they add up even if she eats them. The גמרא first works out that the ברייתא's case of 'an acorn, a pomegranate, a nut' means 'with these.' It then proves רבא from that ברייתא. Next it asks how רב and שמואל can explain the ברייתא, and answers that it follows רבי, who counts items named one by one as separate. A new topic begins: רב rules that קידושין with a loan does not work, because a loan is given to be spent. The גמרא shows that a ברייתא with a dispute on this is really about a promised מנה that was one דינר short, and explains why רבי אלעזר's ruling fits everyone. Finally, a ברייתא is brought that seems to say קידושין with a loan does work, challenging רב, and the discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא דְּאָמַר לָהּ:

They only taught this where he said to her:

״בָּזוֹ וּבָזוֹ וּבָזוֹ״.

"With this, and with this, and with this."

אֲבָל אָמַר לָהּ: ״בְּאֵלּוּ״ –

But if he said to her, "With these":

אֲפִילּוּ אוֹכֶלֶת נָמֵי מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת,

even if she is eating them, she is still betrothed,

The steps (21)

  1. Statementרבא limits the משנה's case of eating the dates
  2. ProofA ברייתא that fits רבא's distinction
  3. QuestionWhat does the first case of the ברייתא mean?
  4. RejectionIt cannot mean "or"
  5. RejectionIt cannot mean "and"
  6. ResponseSo it must mean "with these"
  7. ChallengeBut "with these" is listed as a separate case
  8. ResolutionThe ברייתא is explaining its own first case
  9. ProofThe latter clause of the ברייתא treats a single item differently
  10. ConclusionWith 'with these,' she eats her own food
  11. ChallengeThe ברייתא fits well with רבי אמי
  12. ChallengeThe problem for רב and שמואל
  13. ResolutionThe ברייתא follows רבי, who counts each item separately
  14. Statementרב: קידושין with a loan does not work
  15. QuestionIs רב's rule a dispute between תנאים?
  16. RejectionThe end of the ברייתא shows that is not the dispute
  17. Resolutionרב נחמן: the ברייתא is about a מנה missing one דינר
  18. ResolutionThe argument: would she be too embarrassed to ask for the missing דינר?
  19. ChallengeDoes רבי אלעזר's ruling now depend on a dispute?
  20. ResolutionShort by one דינר is not like short by ninety-nine
  21. ChallengeA ברייתא says a loan works for קידושין