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Kiddushin 48b

קידושין מ״ח ע״ב

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Topic

Betrothing with payment for work, and betrothal where the item or claim turns out different (רבי שמעון: הטעה לשבח)

Overview

The גמרא finishes explaining why רבי מאיר and חכמים argue about a craftsman who betroths a woman with payment for his work. It gives three explanations: when a wage becomes owed, whether an אומן owns the שבח כלי, and a case of מלוה ופרוטה where he added a jewel of his own. It then shows the same arguments in a ברייתא between the תנא קמא, רבי נתן, and רבי יהודה הנשיא. Next, a new משנה rules that if a man betroths with something that turns out different from what he said, she is not betrothed. רבי שמעון says that if the change is to her advantage, she is betrothed. The גמרא settles three ברייתות about 'this cup' by saying each is about a different liquid. It then challenges רבי שמעון, since some people may prefer silver to gold. After אביי's answer is rejected, רבא explains the case as a woman's שליח who was given a gold coin wrapped in a cloth. Finally, אביי says three תנאים share the view of מראה מקום הוא לו, and the proof from רבן שמעון בן גמליאל continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אֵינָהּ לִשְׂכִירוּת אֶלָּא בַּסּוֹף.

the wage is owed only at the end.

וּמָר סָבַר:

And the other Sage holds:

יֶשְׁנָהּ לִשְׂכִירוּת מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד סוֹף.

the wage is owed continuously, from the beginning until the end.

וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא:

And if you wish, say:

The steps (16)

  1. ResolutionFirst explanation: when is the wage owed?
  2. ResolutionSecond explanation: does a craftsman own the improvement?
  3. ResolutionThird explanation: he added a jewel of his own
  4. ProofThe same dispute appears among the תנאים
  5. Statementרבי נתן: even future work does not create קידושין
  6. StatementThe third opinion: neither wage works unless he adds a jewel
  7. ConclusionMapping how the three opinions in the ברייתא differ
  8. StatementNew משנה: betrothal with a gift or a claim that turns out different
  9. ChallengeThree ברייתות disagree about 'this cup'
  10. ResolutionEach ברייתא is about a different liquid
  11. ChallengeIsn't 'better' a matter of personal taste?
  12. Resolutionאביי: a man's agent who lent gold instead of silver
  13. Challengeאביי's case does not fit the משנה's words
  14. Resolutionרבא: the woman's agent got a gold coin wrapped in a cloth
  15. StatementThree תנאים share one view: the detail was only a suggestion
  16. ProofProving the shared view, starting with רבי שמעון