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Makkos 14b

מכות י״ד ע״ב

Makkot 14b

Learn Makkos 14b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Sources for a full sister and for the מפטם and סך of שמן המשחה, and the source of the warning against a טמא eating קודש

Overview

The amud opens by finishing an earlier question. רבי יצחק learns that a sister who is the daughter of both his father and his mother is forbidden from the first אחותו in ויקרא כ:יז. רבנן use that word instead to teach that one who blends (מפטם) and one who smears (סך) שמן המשחה are each liable on their own. For רבי יצחק, the גמרא gives two possible sources for that rule: רבי אלעזר's general rule that two לאוין with one כרת are separate for a קרבן, or the verse about אשה דוה. רבנן need that verse for the rule that a woman is a נדה only when the blood comes out through her ערוה. The גמרא then turns to the משנה's case of a טמא who eats קודש and asks where the תורה writes the warning (אזהרה) against it. ריש לקיש says it comes from 'בכל קדש לא תגע'. רבי יוחנן learns it from a גזירה שוה of 'טומאתו'. The גמרא defends ריש לקיש against two challenges, and a ברייתא supports him by comparing קודש to מקדש. The amud ends with a new rule from רבי יוחנן: a לאו that has an עשה before it brings מלקות.

Opening lines

מֵ״אֲחוֹתוֹ״ דְּרֵישָׁא.

From 'his sister' at the beginning [of the verse].

וְאִידַּךְ: הַהוּא מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ,

And the other: that one is needed by him,

לְחַלֵּק כָּרֵת לַמְפַטֵּם וְלַסָּךְ.

to divide the karet for the one who blends and for the one who smears.

וְאִידַּךְ?

And the other?

The steps (26)

  1. Responseרבי יצחק learns the case of a sister from both parents from 'his sister' at the start of the verse
  2. Responseרבנן need that word for the מפטם and the סך of שמן המשחה
  3. Responseרבי יצחק follows רבי אלעזר's rule: two לאוין with one כרת are separate
  4. ResolutionSecond answer: רבי יצחק learns it from the verse about a woman who is a נדה
  5. QuestionWhat do the other opinion learn from this verse?
  6. ResponseThe verse teaches that a woman is טמאה only when blood leaves through her ערוה
  7. StatementFor a טמא who enters the מקדש, both punishment and warning are written
  8. QuestionWhere is the warning for a טמא who eats קודש?
  9. Responseריש לקיש: the warning is 'בכל קדש לא תגע'
  10. Responseרבי יוחנן: a גזירה שוה from 'טומאתו' and 'טומאתו'
  11. QuestionWhy doesn't רבי יוחנן use ריש לקיש's verse?
  12. Responseרבי יוחנן: that verse is a warning about תרומה
  13. QuestionWhere does ריש לקיש get the warning for תרומה?
  14. Responseריש לקיש learns תרומה from 'איש איש מזרע אהרן'
  15. Responseרבי יוחנן: one verse is for eating, the other for touching
  16. Challengeריש לקיש already needs that verse for touching קודש
  17. ProofProof: the dispute about a טמא who touched קודש
  18. ResolutionOne verse, two lessons: touching from the word, eating from the הקש
  19. ChallengeIsn't that פסוק needed for eating before the blood is sprinkled?
  20. ProofThe מחלוקת about eating before זריקה
  21. StatementThe reasons behind each side
  22. ResolutionBefore-זריקה comes from the word 'בכל'
  23. ProofA ברייתא supports ריש לקיש
  24. QuestionMaybe it means touching?
  25. ResponseCompared to מקדש, so it means eating
  26. StatementA לאו with an עשה before it brings מלקות