Gemara Clarity

Makkos 4b

מכות ד׳ ע״ב

Makkot 4b

Learn Makkos 4b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Makkos 4b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The sources for lashes together with payment, and for lashes on a לאו שאין בו מעשה, and how רבי מאיר and the רבנן use the warning פסוקים for עדים זוממין

Overview

The משנה had a מחלוקת. רבי מאיר says certain עדים זוממין get both מלקות and payment, while the רבנן say a person gets only one punishment, based on "כדי רשעתו". עולא says רבי מאיר learns it from מוציא שם רע, who is lashed and also pays. The comparison works because רבי מאיר agrees with רבי עקיבא that the payment of עדים זוממין is a קנס. Some place עולא's teaching elsewhere instead: on רבי יהודה's view that a לאו שאין בו מעשה can bring lashes. The גמרא rejects each single source, first מוציא שם רע and then עדים זוממין. It then builds a הצד השוה from both cases and defends it against two attacks: that both involve a קנס, and that each has a צד חמור. Finally the גמרא returns to רבי מאיר and the רבנן and asks how each side uses the פסוקים "לא תענה" and "והנשארים ישמעו". That last answer continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

גְּמָ׳

GEMARA:

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַבָּנַן.

Granted, according to the Rabbis,

״כְּדֵי רִשְׁעָתוֹ״ כְּתִיב,

"according to his wickedness" is written,

מִשּׁוּם רִשְׁעָה אַחַת אַתָּה מְחַיְּיבוֹ

for one wrongdoing you make him liable,

The steps (22)

  1. QuestionThe Rabbis have a source, but what is רבי מאיר's reason?
  2. Responseעולא: רבי מאיר learns from the defamer
  3. ChallengeBut the defamer's payment is a fine
  4. Resolutionרבי מאיר holds that the witnesses' payment is also a fine
  5. StatementSecond version: רבי יהודה on leftover קרבן פסח meat
  6. Statementרבי עקיבא: no lashes because no action is done
  7. QuestionWhere does רבי יהודה get lashes for a no-action prohibition?
  8. Responseעולא: learned from the defamer
  9. ChallengeThe defamer is a stricter case
  10. Responseריש לקיש: learned from plotting witnesses
  11. ChallengePlotting witnesses need no warning
  12. ResolutionCombining both cases: the common factor
  13. ChallengeBoth cases involve a fine
  14. Resolutionרבי יהודה does not call it a fine
  15. ChallengeBoth cases have something strict about them
  16. Resolutionרבי יהודה does not accept the 'strict side' attack
  17. QuestionWhat do רבנן learn from 'You shall not bear false witness'?
  18. ResponseFor רבנן, the verse is the warning for עדים זוממין
  19. QuestionWhere does רבי מאיר find the warning?
  20. Responseרבי מאיר learns the warning from 'and those who remain shall hear'
  21. QuestionWhat do רבנן do with that verse?
  22. Responseרבנן need that verse for something else