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Menachos 93a

מנחות צ״ג ע״א

Menachot 93a

Learn Menachos 93a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 93a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

סמיכה: the three times the תורה says קרבנו, whether a יורש does סמיכה and can make a תמורה, and who is left out of סמיכה

Overview

The גמרא first explains that each of the three times the תורה says קרבנו teaches its own rule about סמיכה. It then turns to the משנה's rule that a יורש (heir) does סמיכה and can make a תמורה. רב חנניה recites a ברייתא that says the opposite. רבא shows that this ברייתא follows רבי יהודה, who argues with the תנא קמא. The גמרא then gives each side's source. רבי יהודה learns from קרבנו that an heir does not do סמיכה, and from that he also excludes the heir from תמורה. The רבנן learn from ״הָמֵר יָמִיר״ that an heir can make a תמורה, and from that they include him in סמיכה. Each side then explains how it uses the other side's verse, and where a woman's ability to make a תמורה comes from. A new משנה then lists who does not do סמיכה, calls סמיכה ״שְׁיָרֵי מִצְוָה״, and explains how it is done. The גמרא starts by asking why a blind person is left out, and it brings two sources from two אמוראים.

Opening lines

קְרָאֵי לְמָה לִי?

Why do I need the verses?

״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״ – וְלֹא קׇרְבַּן חֲבֵירוֹ,

'His offering' — and not the offering of his fellow;

״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״ – וְלֹא קׇרְבַּן גּוֹי,

'His offering' — and not the offering of a non-Jew;

״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״ – לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.

'His offering' — to include all the owners of an offering in placing hands.

The steps (25)

  1. QuestionWhy does the תורה need these verses?
  2. ResponseEach 'his offering' teaches a different rule
  3. StatementThe משנה: an heir places hands
  4. Statementרב חנניה's ברייתא: an heir does not place hands
  5. Challengeרבא objects: the משנה says the heir does place hands
  6. QuestionShould I reverse the ברייתא?
  7. Resolutionרבא: no, the teaching follows רבי יהודה
  8. ProofProof: a ברייתא where רבי יהודה disagrees
  9. QuestionWhat is רבי יהודה's reason?
  10. Responseרבי יהודה learns from ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״ and compares the start of הקדש to its end
  11. ResponseThe רבנן learn from ״הָמֵר יָמִיר″ and compare the end of הקדש to its start
  12. QuestionHow do the רבנן use the word ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״?
  13. ResponseThe רבנן use each of the three ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״ for something else
  14. ResolutionFirst answer: רבי יהודה does not hold of including partners
  15. ResolutionSecond answer: one ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״ covers both the גוי and the friend
  16. QuestionWhat does רבי יהודה learn from the doubled words?
  17. ResponseHe uses it to include a woman in תמורה
  18. ResolutionThe רבנן learn the woman from the word ״וְאִם״
  19. StatementThe משנה lists who does not do סמיכה
  20. Statementסמיכה is not essential to the offering
  21. StatementHow and where סמיכה is done
  22. QuestionWhy is a blind person left out of סמיכה?
  23. ResponseFirst answer: learned from the Elders of the congregation
  24. ResponseSecond answer: learned from the עולת ראייה
  25. QuestionWhy not learn from the Elders of the congregation?