Nedarim 10b

נדרים י׳ ע״ב

Learn Nedarim 10b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Nedarim 10b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Saying ה׳'s name in vain, כינויי כינויין for vows and oaths, and a new משנה on phrases that compare food to holy things

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא. A person dedicating a קרבן should say "קרבן" first and only then "לה׳", so that ה׳'s name is never left hanging for nothing. A קל וחומר then shows how serious it is to say ה׳'s name for no purpose at all. Next, the גמרא asks whether the argument between רבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש about כינויין matches an argument between בית שמאי and בית הלל about כינויי כינויין, substitutes for the substitutes. It gives two answers showing that the two arguments do not have to match. The גמרא then lists examples of כינויי כינויין for נדרים, חרם, נזירות and שבועה. It raises several unclear words that stay as questions (תיבעי), and brings שמואל's ruling that some look-alike words mean nothing. It also explains the משנה's word מוהי. Finally, a new משנה lists phrases that make food forbidden by comparing it to holy things, even without saying the word קרבן.

Opening lines

The steps (23)

1. QuestionWhere do we learn not to say ה׳'s name before the word for the offering?
2. ResponseThe פסוק says "קרבן לה׳", with the offering first
3. ProofA קל וחומר: saying ה׳'s name for no reason is surely wrong
4. StatementMaybe this is an older argument: בית שמאי and בית הלל on substitutes for substitutes
5. QuestionExplaining the match: foreign words or words the חכמים made up?
6. RejectionEveryone agrees substitute words are foreign language
7. RejectionSecond answer: the argument is about making a גזירה
8. QuestionWhat are substitutes of substitutes for vows?
9. Responseרב יוסף's examples for vows
10. ResponseExamples for חרם
11. ResponseExamples for נזירות
12. QuestionUnclear words: מיפחזנא, מיתחזנא, מיתעזנא
13. Questionרבינא asks about the word קינמא
14. QuestionDoes the word קינה mean a chicken coop or a vow?
15. ConclusionThe questions stay unanswered
16. ResponseFar-off nicknames for an oath
17. Challengeשבואל is a person's name
18. ResolutionFixing the list: שבובאל instead
19. Statementשמואל: three words that mean nothing
20. StatementThe word מוהי: only with 'an oath that מוהי said'
21. StatementNew משנה: לחולין, not kosher, impure, נותר, פיגול
22. StatementMore phrases that count as a vow by an offering
23. StatementSaying just 'Jerusalem' means nothing