Gemara Clarity

Niddah 10a

נדה י׳ ע״א

Learn Niddah 10a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

נידה י׳ע״א: a young girl who has not yet reached the age of seeing blood, and what happens once she starts seeing on a regular monthly cycle (עונות). The question is whether her impurity starts only from the moment she sees (דיה שעתה) or reaches back in time (מעת לעת and מפקידה לפקידה).

Overview

This amud continues a ברייתא about a young girl who has just begun seeing blood. Her first sightings are impure only from the moment she sees (דיה שעתה), and from the third time on she is like all women, whose impurity reaches back in time. The גמרא asks what happens if she starts seeing on regular monthly cycles. רב rules that the first two sightings are still lenient and the third reaches back. The ברייתא adds that if three cycles pass with no blood, she returns to the lenient rule. Here רב rules that if she then sees regularly, only the first sighting is lenient. The גמרא then asks whose view the ברייתא follows. It first says רבי, who holds that two times set a חזקה. But the ending matches רבי אליעזר, so the final answer is that the author is רבי אליעזר, who agrees with רבי about patterns. Last, חזקיה and רבי יוחנן argue about a blood stain found between her second and third sightings.

Opening lines

הֲדַר קָחָזְיָא בְּעוֹנוֹת, מַאי?

If she then sees at regular cycles, what is the law?

אָמַר רַב גִּידֵּל אָמַר רַב:

Rav Giddel said in the name of Rav:

פַּעַם רִאשׁוֹנָה וּשְׁנִיָּה — דַּיָּהּ שְׁעָתָהּ,

The first and second time, her time is enough;

שְׁלִישִׁית — מְטַמְּאָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת

the third time, she makes things impure back twenty-four hours

The steps (12)

  1. QuestionWhat if she then sees on regular cycles?
  2. ResponseFirst and second times are lenient, third time reaches back
  3. QuestionAfter three missed cycles, what if she sees regularly again?
  4. ResponseOnly the first time is lenient, second time reaches back
  5. QuestionWhose view is the ברייתא?
  6. ResponseIt is רבי: two times set a pattern
  7. ChallengeThe end of the ברייתא sounds like רבי אליעזר
  8. ResolutionA suggestion: רבי agrees with רבי אליעזר about cycles
  9. Rejectionרבי did not really hold like רבי אליעזר
  10. ResolutionThe author is רבי אליעזר, who agrees with רבי about patterns
  11. StatementA blood stain found between her early sightings
  12. StatementThe reasons of חזקיה and רבי יוחנן