Niddah 60a

נדה ס׳ ע״א

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Topic

When may a woman who finds a stain on a garment she lent blame it on the borrower: a נׇכְרִית, a woman in a period of impurity, or one impure from an earlier stain?

Overview

The amud opens by finishing רב's ruling: a woman who lent her garment to a נׇכְרִית may blame a stain on her only if that woman already sees blood. רב learns this by comparing the נׇכְרִית to a נדה. רב ששת calls this a mistake, citing a ברייתא where even רבי מאיר only requires that she be fit to see. רבא shows from another ברייתא that רבי מאיר is actually the lenient view, so the תנא קמא requires one who actually sees, just like רב. Next comes a ברייתא about lending a garment to a שומרת יום כנגד יום or a סופרת שבעה. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל lets the lender blame the stain on the borrower, while רבי says both women are ruined, though both agree in cases where the borrower loses nothing. רב חסדא links this disagreement to two people on two paths, רב אדא disputes the comparison, and רבי יוסי ברבי חנינא rules that everyone agrees in the paths case. Finally, רבי יוחנן asks whether a stain may be blamed on a woman already impure from a stain. The answer is no, and a ברייתא that seems to contradict itself on this point gets three answers; רב אשי's answer continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (30)

1. StatementEnd of רב's ruling: the נׇכְרִית must be one who sees blood
2. QuestionWhere does רב get this from?
3. ResponseThe נׇכְרִית is compared to a נדה
4. Challengeרב ששת: רב must have said this half asleep
5. ProofThe ברייתא: even רבי מאיר only requires 'fit to see'
6. Rejectionרבא: רבי מאיר is the lenient one
7. ProofA ברייתא shows רבי מאיר is the lenient one
8. ChallengeBut then the first ברייתא is a problem
9. ResolutionReading it as one who sees versus one fit to see
10. StatementBlaming a stain on a שומרת יום כנגד יום or a סופרת שבעה
11. Statementרבי says she may not blame it on them
12. StatementBoth agree about the first day
13. StatementBoth agree: a woman in her pure-blood days, and a virgin
14. QuestionWhy does רבן שמעון בן גמליאל need his 'therefore' line?
15. ResponseIt was said to match רבי's wording
16. QuestionThen why does רבי need his 'therefore' line?
17. ResponseWithout it, we'd think only the woman with the stain is ruined
18. Statementרב חסדא: two people on two paths is the same disagreement
19. Challengeרב אדא: the two cases are not the same
20. Resolutionרב חסדא: she also still needs immersion
21. StatementEveryone agrees: blame the impure path on the impure person
22. QuestionCan a stain be attributed to a woman already impure from a stain?
23. ProofWhy the question cannot be asked according to רבי
24. QuestionThe real question according to רבן שמעון בן גמליאל
25. ResponseWe do not blame the new stain on her
26. ChallengeA ברייתא that seems to allow blaming one sitting on a stain
27. ChallengeThe ברייתא seems to contradict itself
28. ResolutionThe two parts follow two different תנאים
29. ResolutionBoth parts follow רבי: first day versus second day
30. Resolutionרב אשי: both parts follow רבן שמעון בן גמליאל