Niddah 63b

נדה ס״ג ע״ב

Learn Niddah 63b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Niddah 63b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

How a וסת is set and kept: body signs, days and hours, and how long to separate around an expected period

Overview

The גמרא finishes explaining the body signs in the משנה that warn a woman her period is coming. It also learns from 'וכן כיוצא בהן' that heaviness, trembling and belching are included. שמואל rules that a day-based וסת is set after two times, a listed body sign after one time, and an unlisted sign after three times. אביי explains that the unlisted signs are food triggers like garlic, onions and pepper. When רב יוסף says he never heard שמואל's rule, אביי reminds him that he taught it himself. He taught it on the words of the חכמים, 'לא לשנות ולא לשלש'. A new משנה then teaches how a habit of bleeding at the start or end of the signs affects טהרות. It also brings the מחלוקת of רבי יוסי and רבי יהודה over how long she must stay apart around a time-based וסת. The גמרא settles conflicting sources about רבי יהודה by splitting between bleeding at the end of the night and at the start of the day. רבא rules like רבי יהודה: she separates for the whole עונה of her וסת, both for טהרות and for her husband. A final משנה teaches that a וסת is set, and removed, only after three times.

Opening lines

The steps (36)

1. ResolutionExplaining 'שופעת': impure blood flowing in the middle of pure blood
2. QuestionWhat does 'and likewise anything similar' add?
3. ResponseIt includes heaviness, trembling, and belching
4. StatementHow many times sets a cycle: two, one, or three
5. QuestionWhich signs are 'not listed by the חכמים'?
6. Responseרב יוסף: the heaviness and trembling signs
7. Challengeאביי: those signs are already in the משנה
8. Resolutionאביי: garlic, onions, or pepper before bleeding
9. Statementרב יוסף says he never heard this teaching
10. Proofאביי reminds רב יוסף of the משנה where he taught it
11. Statementשמואל says the משנה follows one view and the חכמים disagree
12. ChallengeThe students ask why 'third time' needs saying
13. Resolutionרב יוסף had explained: one word for body signs, one for days
14. ChallengeWhy not credit the משנה to רבן שמעון בן גמליאל?
15. Resolutionשמואל teaches that רבן גמליאל בר רבי agrees with רבן שמעון בן גמליאל
16. Statementמשנה: bleeding at the start or the end of the body-sign וסת
17. Statementרבי יוסי: days and hours also set a וסת
18. Statementרבי יהודה: the whole day is hers
19. Questionברייתא asks: how does רבי יוסי's time-based וסת work?
20. ResponseThe case: day 20 at the sixth hour, and רבי יהודה's view
21. Statementרבי יוסי: permitted until the sixth hour
22. Statementרבי יהודה: after six hours with no bleeding, she is still forbidden all day
23. Statementרבי יוסי: permitted from the afternoon onward
24. ChallengeA clash: is the night before a sunrise period forbidden or allowed?
25. ResolutionTwo different timings: right after sunrise versus right before it
26. StatementOne ברייתא: רבי יהודה forbids before the period and permits after
27. ChallengeAnother ברייתא says the opposite: forbidden after, permitted before
28. ResolutionTwo ברייתות, two different times of seeing
29. Statementרבא rules like רבי יהודה
30. ChallengeDid רבא really say that? His 'one עונה' ruling
31. ResolutionIt means the same עונה
32. QuestionWhy did רבא need to say it twice?
33. ResponseBoth are needed: pure items versus her husband
34. ResponseWhy the second statement alone would not be enough
35. StatementA changed day: both the old and new days are forbidden
36. StatementAfter three times the new day is fixed and the old day is released