Pesachim 114b

פסחים קי״ד ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 114b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The two dippings at the סדר: whether מצוות need כוונה, what the two cooked dishes are, and the ברכות on the מרור

Overview

The משנה says that at the סדר, חזרת is dipped and eaten before the מצה and then eaten again later as מרור. ריש לקיש learns from this that מצוות צריכות כוונה: the first eating does not count because the person was not thinking of the מצוה. The גמרא offers another reason for the two dippings, היכירא לתינוקות, which is a way to make the children ask. It also brings a ברייתא saying that one who ate מרור without intent is יוצא. The גמרא answers that תנאים argue about this: רבי יוסי calls the second חזרת a 'מצוה', which shows he requires כוונה. Next the גמרא asks what the 'two cooked dishes' are. רב הונא says beets and rice, and from this רב אשי learns that nobody holds rice can become חמץ. חזקיה, רב יוסף and רבינא give other options. Finally, רב הונא rules that when only lettuce is available, one says בורא פרי האדמה on it at the first dipping and על אכילת מרור on it after the מצה.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. Statementריש לקיש‎: מצוות require intent
2. ProofWhy the first eating of lettuce does not count
3. ProofOtherwise, why dip twice?
4. RejectionMaybe two dippings are for the children
5. ChallengeThen why not use other vegetables?
6. ResolutionEven with only lettuce, dip twice
7. Proofברייתא: eating without intent still counts
8. ChallengeThe ברייתא's last condition and the challenge to ריש לקיש
9. ResolutionIt is an argument among תנאים; רבי יוסי requires a second dipping
10. RejectionMaybe רבי יוסי's second dipping is just for the children
11. Resolutionרבי יוסי calls it a מצוה, so it cannot just be for the children
12. QuestionWhat are the two cooked dishes?
13. Responseרב הונא: beets and rice
14. Statementרבא would seek out beets and rice because רב הונא said it
15. Statementרב אשי learns that nobody follows רבי יוחנן בן נורי on rice
16. Statementחזקיה: fish and the egg on it can count
17. Statementרב יוסף: two kinds of meat, for the פסח and the חגיגה
18. Statementרבינא: even meat on the bone and its gravy
19. StatementThe obvious case: other vegetables are available
20. QuestionWhat if only lettuce is available?
21. Responseרב הונא: first בורא פרי האדמה, later על אכילת מרור, both on the lettuce