Pesachim 35b

פסחים ל״ה ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 35b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Which foods can be used for the מצוה of מצה: the משנה's list of valid and invalid foods, and why טבל is excluded

Overview

This amud opens by finishing an earlier point: מי פירות do not make dough into real חמץ. The גמרא then goes through the משנה's list of foods that can and cannot be used for מצה, asking about almost every case 'פשיטא, isn't it obvious?' דמאי works because anyone could make himself an עני through הפקר, and an עני may eat דמאי according to בית הלל. מעשר ראשון works even when the לוי took it from the stalks before תרומה גדולה, because of ריש לקיש's rule. אביי explains that grain on the stalks is not yet 'דגן', while grain in the pile is, so a לוי who took his share from the pile must still give תרומה גדולה. Redeemed מעשר שני and הקדש work even if the חומש was not paid. כהנים may use חלה and תרומה, because the repeated word 'מצות' includes them. Even rabbinic טבל, and מעשר שני or הקדש redeemed improperly (with an אסימון or with land), do not work. Finally, a ברייתא learns from 'לא תאכל עליו חמץ' that partly tithed טבל cannot be used for מצה. רב ששת explains that this follows רבי שמעון's rule אין איסור חל על איסור, and his source continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (32)

1. ConclusionFruit juice does not cause leavening
2. StatementQuoting the משנה: one can fulfill מצה with doubtfully tithed produce
3. ChallengeChallenge: doubtfully tithed produce is forbidden to him
4. ResolutionAnswer: he could make himself poor, so it counts as fit now
5. ProofProof: one may feed the poor and soldiers doubtfully tithed produce
6. Statementרב הונא: this משנה follows בית הלל
7. StatementQuoting the משנה: מעשר ראשון whose תרומה was taken
8. ChallengeChallenge: isn't this obvious?
9. ResolutionThe case is when the Levite took his tithe early, from the stalks
10. Statementריש לקיש's rule: tithe taken from the stalks is exempt from תרומה גדולה
11. Challengeרב פפא: then a tithe taken early from the pile should also be exempt
12. Resolutionאביי: another פסוק requires תרומה גדולה for the pile case
13. ChallengeWhy does each verse go to its specific case?
14. ResolutionGrain in the pile is finished 'grain', grain on the stalks is not
15. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that redeemed second tithe and consecrated grain are fine?
16. ResolutionThe case is where the principal was paid but not the added fifth
17. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that כהנים can use חלה and תרומה?
18. ResolutionThe double word 'מצות' includes מצה not everyone may eat
19. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that untithed produce doesn't work?
20. ResolutionEven produce that is untithed only by rabbinic law doesn't work
21. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that מעשר ראשון with its תרומה not taken doesn't work?
22. ResolutionThe case is where the Levite took his tithe early from the pile
23. ResolutionThe משנה follows אביי's answer to רב פפא
24. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that unredeemed second tithe and consecrated grain don't work?
25. ResolutionNot redeemed properly: second tithe redeemed with an unminted coin
26. ResolutionNot redeemed properly: consecrated property redeemed with land
27. StatementA ברייתא about using untithed produce for מצה
28. ChallengeAll טבל is unfixed, so why say it?
29. ResolutionIt means produce that was only partly tithed
30. ProofThe פסוק: only food whose problem is חמץ
31. ChallengeWhere did the חמץ prohibition go?
32. Resolutionרב ששת: the ברייתא follows רבי שמעון