Pesachim 41a

פסחים מ״א ע״א

Learn Pesachim 41a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

חרוסת and חמץ; the ban on boiling the פסח, and what counts as נא, raw, and צלי אש

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a discussion from the previous amud about flour mixed into חרוסת or mustard. רב כהנא holds that only the mustard case is disputed, and with חרוסת everyone agrees it must be burned. רב הונא disagrees with him. רב אשי tries to support רב כהנא from שמואל's ruling about vinegar, but the גמרא rejects that proof. Next, the גמרא turns to the משנה's rule against boiling the פסח. The רבנן learn that every liquid is forbidden through a קל וחומר, while רבי learns it from the words ״וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל״. The two sources lead to a practical difference about צלי קדר, meat cooked in a pot in its own juices. The גמרא then explains why boiling after roasting still makes one liable: רב כהנא says the ברייתא follows רבי יוסי, and עולא says it is a special rule from the פסוק. Two more ברייתות teach that charred meat and raw meat are not included in the לאו, although raw meat is still forbidden by the command of צלי אש. רב חסדא rules that boiling the פסח in the hot springs of טבריא breaks only the command of צלי אש. Finally, רבא begins a ruling about eating the פסח half-roasted, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (30)

1. QuestionWas the ruling about חרוסת or about mustard?
2. QuestionWhat difference does it make?
3. ResponseThe difference comes from רב כהנא's view
4. Responseרב הונא does not hold like רב כהנא
5. Statementרב אשי sides with רב כהנא
6. ProofProof from שמואל: vinegar causes leavening
7. RejectionPerhaps vinegar does nothing at all to grain
8. QuestionThe ברייתא asks about boiling the פסח in other liquids
9. ResponseFirst answer: a קל וחומר from water
10. Responseרבי learns it from the words ״וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל״
11. QuestionWhat is the practical difference between the two sources?
12. ResponseThe difference is meat cooked in a pot in its own juices
13. QuestionWhat do the רבנן learn from the doubled phrase?
14. ResponseThe phrase teaches liability for boiling before or after roasting
15. ChallengeWhy is one liable for boiling meat that was already roasted?
16. Resolutionרב כהנא: the ברייתא follows רבי יוסי
17. ProofProof from רבי יוסי's view on a boiled מצה wafer
18. Resolutionעולא: Even רבי מאיר agrees, because the verse says boiled in any way
19. StatementA ברייתא: roasting the פסח fully is not forbidden
20. QuestionWhat case is the baraita talking about?
21. Responseרב אשי: He charred it
22. StatementA ברייתא: eating the פסח raw is not included in this prohibition
23. StatementRaw meat is still forbidden because of 'roasted with fire'
24. QuestionWhat counts as partially roasted?
25. Responseרב defines it as half-roasted, using a Persian word
26. StatementCooking in hot springs: exempt on שבת, liable for the פסח
27. ChallengeHot springs are not fire for the פסח either
28. Resolutionרבא: liable for not roasting it with fire
29. StatementAnother tradition reports רב חסדא's ruling with the explanation built in
30. Statementרבא begins a new ruling about eating the פסח half-roasted