Pesachim 53b

פסחים נ״ג ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 53b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 53b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

תודוס's whole roasted goat and whose view the ברייתא follows; the custom of lighting a lamp on the night of יום הכפורים; the ברכה over fire only on מוצאי שבת

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the ברייתא about תודוס of Rome, who served a whole roasted goat (גדי מקולס) on פסח night. That looked close to eating קדשים outside the מקדש. The גמרא explains the rule: a whole roasted goat is a problem even in silence, while ordinary meat is a problem only if one says 'for פסח.' It then asks whether the ברייתא can follow רבי שמעון, who says an unusual pledge means nothing. It concludes that the ברייתא fits רבי יוסי, because רבי יוסי does not accept רבי שמעון's extra rule. Next it asks whether תודוס was a great scholar or a strongman. His Torah teaching about חנניה, מישאל, and עזריה learning from the frogs shows his greatness, and רבי יוסי בר אבין adds that he supported תלמידי חכמים. A new משנה follows: lighting a lamp at home on the night of יום הכפורים depends on local custom, and the גמרא says both customs aim to keep people from sin. The amud ends with the rule that the ברכה over fire is said only on מוצאי שבת, and a story showing how רבה בר בר חנה drew this rule out of רבי יוחנן's words. רב יוסף's verse about this story continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (24)

1. StatementEnd of the ברייתא: close to feeding Jews sacred meat outside
2. ChallengeInference from the ברייתא: only a whole roasted goat is a problem
3. ResolutionAnswer: whole roast is always a problem, other meat only if he says 'for פסח'
4. Statementרב אחא teaches the ברייתא in the name of רבי שמעון
5. Challengeרב ששת: רבי שמעון holds an improper pledge means nothing
6. Challengeרבינא: the same problem exists for רבי יוסי
7. ChallengeDoes the agreement work both ways?
8. ResolutionThe agreement goes only one way
9. QuestionWas תודוס a great scholar or a strongman?
10. ProofA teaching of תודוס about the fiery furnace
11. ProofThe קל וחומר from the frogs
12. Responseתודוס Supported Torah Scholars with Money
13. ProofSupporting Scholars Earns a Seat in Heaven
14. Statementמשנה: Lighting a Lamp on יום הכפורים Night
15. StatementBoth Customs Aim for the Same Goal
16. Statementרבא Praises Israel for Their Shared Intent
17. StatementThe Blessing over Fire Is Only on מוצאי שבת
18. ProofAn Elder Confirms This in the Name of רבי יוחנן
19. Statementעולא Rides a Donkey with Two Students Beside Him
20. Questionרבי אבא Asks עולא What He Reported from רבי יוחנן
21. Statementעולא looks at רבה בר בר חנה with displeasure
22. Responseרבה בר בר חנה explains what he really quoted
23. Conclusionעולא accepts the explanation
24. Statementרב יוסף applies a verse to the story