Rosh Hashanah 10a

ראש השנה י׳ ע״א

Learn Rosh Hashanah 10a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Rosh Hashanah 10a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Counting the years of ערלה and רבעי, and whether a partial year counts as a year according to רבי מאיר

Overview

This amud ends a ברייתא: the fruit of a young tree stays forbidden until ט״ו בשבט, both in the ערלה years and in the רבעי year. The גמרא asks for the source. רבי יוחנן, also reported in the name of רבי ינאי, points to the extra 'and' in 'ובשנה הרביעית ובשנה החמישית'. This shows that fruit can still be ערלה in the fourth year and still רבעי in the fifth. Next, the גמרא suggests that the planting ברייתא, which requires thirty days before ראש השנה, does not follow רבי מאיר. רבי מאיר holds that one day in a year counts as a whole year. The גמרא proves his view from a ברייתא about the age of a פר, where רבי אלעזר requires thirty days instead. The גמרא answers that רבי מאיר's rule applies only at the end of a count, not at the beginning. רבא then challenges this answer with a קל וחומר from נדה, and his argument continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (10)

1. StatementFruit stays forbidden until ט״ו בשבט
2. QuestionWhat is the source for this rule?
3. ResponseThe source is the extra 'and' in the verse
4. ResponseFruit can still be ערלה in the fourth year, and still רבעי in the fifth
5. ChallengeDoes this teaching disagree with רבי מאיר?
6. ProofProof of רבי מאיר's view from the age of a פר
7. Statementרבי אלעזר requires thirty extra days for a פר
8. Proofרבי מאיר's age rule for עגל, בן בקר, and פר
9. Resolutionרבי מאיר's rule applies only at the end of a count
10. Challengeרבא's קל וחומר from נדה