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Rosh Hashanah 29b

ראש השנה כ״ט ע״ב

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Topic

Saying ברכות for others after fulfilling one's own obligation, and blowing שופר when ראש השנה falls on שבת

Overview

The עמוד opens by finishing a topic from earlier on the דף. Food ברכות can only be said for others by someone who is eating too, while ברכות of a מצוה can be said for others anytime. The גמרא asks about the ברכה on the מצה at the סדר and the wine of קידוש, and a story about רב פפי shows that the wine ברכה of קידוש can be said for others. A ברייתא sums up the rules, and the פרק ראוהו בית דין ends with a הדרן. The new פרק opens with a משנה: when ראש השנה falls on שבת, the שופר was blown only in the מקדש, and after the חורבן רבן יוחנן בן זכאי set up blowing in places with a בית דין. רבא shows that the Torah allows blowing on שבת, and the רבנן forbade it in case someone carries the שופר to an expert, the same reason given for לולב and מגילה. A ברייתא then tells how רבן יוחנן בן זכאי had the שופר blown in יבנה before בני בתירה could debate it. Finally, the גמרא explains how the חכמים differ from the תנא קמא about a temporary בית דין, and begins a comment from רב הונא that continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

בִּרְכַּת הַלֶּחֶם שֶׁל מַצָּה,

The blessing over the bread of matzah,

וּבִרְכַּת הַיַּיִן שֶׁל קִידּוּשׁ הַיּוֹם, מַהוּ?

and the blessing over the wine of the day's kiddush, what is the law?

כֵּיוָן דְּחוֹבָה הוּא — מַפֵּיק,

Since it is an obligation, can he discharge others?

אוֹ דִלְמָא: בְּרָכָה לָאו חוֹבָה הִיא.

Or perhaps the blessing itself is not an obligation.

The steps (22)

  1. QuestionThe bread of מצה and the wine of קידוש: can one say the blessing for others?
  2. Responseרב פפי made קידוש again for his tenants
  3. StatementA ברייתא: guests, children, הלל, and מגילה
  4. Conclusionהדרן — Closing פרק ראוהו בית דין
  5. Statementשופר on שבת: מקדש only, then רבן יוחנן בן זכאי's enactment
  6. StatementJerusalem's advantage over Yavne
  7. QuestionWhat is the source for not blowing on Shabbat?
  8. ResponseTwo verses that seem to contradict
  9. Resolutionשבת versus a weekday
  10. Challengeרבא: then how could they blow in the Temple?
  11. Challengeרבא: blowing is not even a מלאכה
  12. ProofA teaching from the school of שמואל shows that blowing שופר is not a forbidden labor
  13. Resolutionרבא's new answer: the Torah permits it, but the Rabbis forbade it
  14. Statementרבה's reason: someone might carry the שופר to an expert
  15. StatementThe same reason applies to לולב and מגילה
  16. StatementBack to the משנה: the story of רבן יוחנן בן זכאי begins
  17. Statementרבן יוחנן בן זכאי says to blow, בני בתירה want to discuss it
  18. StatementBlow first, discuss later, then no discussion
  19. StatementOnly יבנה, or every place with a בית דין
  20. ChallengeThe חכמים seem to repeat the first opinion
  21. ResolutionThey differ about a temporary בית דין
  22. StatementQuoting the חכמים again to bring רב הונא's teaching