Gemara Clarity

Rosh Hashanah 5a

ראש השנה ה׳ ע״א

Learn Rosh Hashanah 5a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Rosh Hashanah 5a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

לינה on סוכות, seven days of תשלומין for עצרת, and why the ברייתא of בל תאחר lists פסח

Overview

This amud opens at the end of a דרשה that compares the three רגלים, based on the verse that lists them together. Just as פסח requires לינה (staying overnight in ירושלים), so does סוכות. The source for פסח is the פסוק "ופנית בבקר." The גמרא then asks about the תנא קמא and רבי שמעון, who use that verse for בל תאחר instead. Where do they learn that שבועות has seven days of תשלומין? They learn it from רבה בר שמואל's ברייתא: each holiday is sanctified for the unit by which it is counted, and עצרת is counted in weeks. When challenged that we count days, רבא answers that we count weeks too, and the תורה calls it חג שבועות. The גמרא then asks how the ברייתא of בל תאחר can list פסח, since it has a fixed day. רב חסדא says פסח was mentioned for no reason, and רב ששת says it means שלמי פסח. When challenged that this repeats שלמים, the גמרא begins explaining why both kinds of שלמים were needed, and that explanation finishes on the next amud.

Opening lines

מָה חַג הַמַּצּוֹת טָעוּן לִינָה —

Just as the festival of matzos requires staying overnight —

אַף חַג הַסּוּכּוֹת טָעוּן לִינָה.

so too the festival of Sukkos requires staying overnight.

וְהָתָם מְנָלַן?

And there, from where do we derive it?

דִּכְתִיב: ״וּפָנִיתָ בַבֹּקֶר

As it is written: "And you shall turn in the morning

The steps (13)

  1. Statementסוכות requires staying overnight, just like פסח
  2. QuestionWhere do we know פסח requires staying overnight?
  3. ResponseThe verse: turn in the morning and go to your tents
  4. QuestionWhere do the other תנאים learn make-up days for שבועות?
  5. Responseרבה בר שמואל: עצרת is sanctified for a full week, like the month for a day
  6. ChallengeMaybe the counting unit for שבועות is only one day
  7. Resolutionרבא: we count weeks too, not only days
  8. ProofExtra proof: the Torah calls it the festival of weeks
  9. ChallengeHow can the Paschal lamb be delayed past the festivals?
  10. Resolutionרב חסדא: פסח was mentioned for no real reason
  11. Resolutionרב ששת: it means the peace-offering of Pesach
  12. ChallengeIf it means peace-offerings, it is already listed
  13. ResolutionTwo kinds of peace-offerings, and why both were needed