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Rosh Hashanah 6a

ראש השנה ו׳ ע״א

Learn Rosh Hashanah 6a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The laws of בל תאחר: whom the sin affects, the פסוק "מוצא שפתיך", צדקה, and delay past one רגל

Overview

The גמרא continues explaining the words "וְהָיָה בְךָ חֵטְא" about a person who delays paying a נדר. It rejects the idea that these words teach that a late קרבן is still valid, because בן עזאי already learns that from the word "אותו". Instead, the words teach that the sin falls on the man himself, and his wife does not die for it. Next, a ברייתא breaks the פסוק "מוצא שפתיך" into separate laws: an עשה, a לא תעשה, a warning to בית דין, and a list of what is included, from קרבנות to בדק הבית to צדקה. The גמרא asks why these laws are needed when other פסוקים already teach them. It answers that one set covers a person who only spoke his vow and the other covers a person who set aside an animal, and it explains why both are needed. רבא then teaches that pledged צדקה must be given right away when poor people are available, and that skipping even one רגל without bringing a pledged קרבן breaks an עשה. The גמרא challenges this rule from רבי פפייס, whose family held a שלמים calf past שבועות. רב זביד begins רבא's answer, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מִדְּבֶן עַזַּאי נָפְקָא,

That is derived from ben Azzai,

דְּתַנְיָא: בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר:

As it was taught in a baraita: Ben Azzai says:

״אוֹתוֹ״ מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר?

"It": why does the verse say this?

לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ״,

Since it is said: "Do not delay paying it,"

The steps (24)

  1. RejectionThat idea already comes from בן עזאי
  2. Proofבן עזאי learns from the word "אותו" that a late קרבן is still accepted
  3. ResponseNew answer: the sin is on you, not on your wife
  4. StatementBackground: a man's wife dies over unpaid debts
  5. ConclusionThe פסוק tells us the wife does not die for בל תאחר
  6. StatementA ברייתא breaks down the verse of keeping vows
  7. ChallengeWhy is the positive commandment needed here?
  8. ChallengeWhy is the negative commandment needed here?
  9. ChallengeWhy is the warning to בית דין needed here?
  10. ProofThe ברייתא that teaches forcing a person to bring his קרבן
  11. ResolutionTwo stages of a vow: spoken, and set aside
  12. ResolutionWhy the case of speaking without setting aside is not enough
  13. ResolutionWhy the case of setting aside without bringing is not enough
  14. ChallengeChallenge: the verse mentions a gift-offering
  15. ProofA משנה defines vow-offering and gift-offering
  16. ProofThe difference: responsibility if the animal is lost
  17. ResolutionA case of a pledge that works like a gift offering without a set-aside animal
  18. StatementPledged charity must be given right away
  19. ChallengeIsn't this obvious?
  20. ResolutionWe might have linked charity to the three festivals like offerings
  21. StatementAfter one festival, he already violates a positive commandment
  22. ChallengeThe source: רבי פפייס testifies about a peace-offering calf
  23. ChallengeWhy didn't they offer the calf on שבועות?
  24. Resolutionרב זביד begins רבא's answer