Rosh Hashanah 9a

ראש השנה ט׳ ע״א

Learn Rosh Hashanah 9a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The source for adding ordinary time onto holy time (תוספת): רבי עקיבא learns it from שביעית, רבי ישמעאל from יום הכפורים

Overview

This amud first finishes a discussion about the יובל year. The רבנן say the fiftieth year counts only as יובל, not also as the first year of the next שמיטה cycle, which rejects רבי יהודה. The גמרא then asks for the source of the rule that we add ordinary time onto holy time (מוסיפין מחול על קודש). A ברייתא brings רבי עקיבא, who learns it from 'בחריש ובקציר תשבות': no plowing in year six for שביעית and no harvesting שביעית crops in year eight. רבי ישמעאל reads that verse differently and uses it to permit harvesting the עומר, so the גמרא asks where he learns the rule. He learns it from the יום הכפורים verse 'ועניתם את נפשותיכם בתשעה... בערב': we start fasting while it is still day, add time at the end too, and apply this to שבת and ימים טובים. Finally the גמרא asks what רבי עקיבא learns from that verse. He uses it for the teaching of חייא בר רב מדפתי that eating on the ninth is credited by the verse. That sentence finishes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (10)

1. ResponseHow the רבנן use the verse: the fiftieth year is not double-counted
2. QuestionWhere do we learn that we add ordinary time onto holy time?
3. Responseרבי עקיבא: no plowing before the seventh year, no harvesting after it
4. Statementרבי ישמעאל: only optional harvesting is banned, so the עומר harvest is allowed
5. QuestionWhere does רבי ישמעאל learn the rule of adding time?
6. ResponseFasting begins while it is still day on the ninth
7. ResponseAdding time at the end of the day too
8. ResponseThe rule applies to שבת and יום טוב as well
9. QuestionWhat does רבי עקיבא do with this verse?
10. ResponseEating on the ninth counts like fasting