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Sanhedrin 112b

סנהדרין קי״ב ע״ב

Learn Sanhedrin 112b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How each kind of holy property found in an עיר הנדחת is treated: altar animals, בכור and מעשר, תרומה, and מעשר שני

Overview

The משנה said that holy property in an עיר הנדחת is redeemed. A ברייתא gives the details: altar animals die, בדק הבית items are redeemed, תרומה rots, and מעשר שני and holy writings are hidden away. רבי שמעון learns from 'its animals' and 'its spoils' that בכור, מעשר, and holy money are not the city's property at all. The גמרא asks why altar animals die instead of being sold after they get a מום. רבי יוחנן answers that a wicked person's offering is an abomination. ריש לקיש answers that these animals count as the owner's property, and the גמרא ends up applying this to קדשים קלים following רבי יוסי הגלילי. Next the גמרא explains which בכור and מעשר רבי שמעון means, and shows that שמואל disagrees. רב חסדא then explains which תרומה rots, and rewords his rule after רב יוסף objects. Finally, רב יוסף challenges רב חסדא's view that מעשר שני outside ירושלים belongs to Heaven. The גמרא answers that the משנה is about impure food bought with מעשר שני money inside ירושלים.

Opening lines

וְהַהֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ יִפָּדוּ כּוּ׳.

And the consecrated property in it must be redeemed, etc.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הָיוּ בָּהּ קׇדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים,

The Rabbis taught: If there were sacred offerings in it,

קׇדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ – יָמוּתוּ,

those consecrated for the altar must die;

קׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת – יִפָּדוּ,

those consecrated for Temple upkeep must be redeemed;

The steps (32)

  1. StatementThe ברייתא lists what happens to each kind of holy property in the condemned city
  2. Statementרבי שמעון excludes firstborns, tithes and holy money from the city's property
  3. ChallengeWhy kill the altar animals instead of selling them after they get a blemish?
  4. Resolutionרבי יוחנן: a wicked person's offering is disgusting
  5. Resolutionריש לקיש: the animals still count as the owner's property
  6. ChallengeThe end of the ברייתא is רבי שמעון, so the beginning cannot be
  7. ResolutionThe ברייתא means קדשים קלים, following רבי יוסי הגלילי
  8. ConclusionThe most holy offerings are redeemed
  9. ChallengeWhy not split the altar offerings themselves?
  10. ResolutionThe sin-offering whose owners died breaks the rule
  11. QuestionWhy does ריש לקיש reject רבי יוחנן's reason?
  12. ResponseOnce the animal is redeemed, it has changed
  13. Statementרבי שמעון: 'its animals' excludes בכור and מעשר
  14. ChallengeUnblemished or blemished? Neither seems to fit
  15. Resolutionרבינא: blemished בכור and מעשר are eaten as holy, not as the city's
  16. StatementThis disagrees with שמואל
  17. QuestionWhat does שמואל mean?
  18. ResponseTwo groups of holy animals, two sources
  19. Statementרב חסדא: which תרומה is left to rot
  20. Challengeרב יוסף: מעשר שני is hidden away, not burned
  21. Resolutionרב חסדא's statement, reversed
  22. StatementIs מעשר שני dough obligated in חלה?
  23. Statementרב חסדא: the dispute is only in ירושלים
  24. Challengeרב יוסף quotes the משנה about hiding מעשר שני
  25. QuestionCould the משנה be talking about ירושלים?
  26. ProofA ברייתא shows ירושלים can never become an עיר הנדחת
  27. RejectionProduce taken up to ירושלים is no longer tied to the city
  28. ChallengeSo the משנה must be about produce outside ירושלים
  29. ResolutionThe case is produce in ירושלים that became impure
  30. ChallengeWhy not redeem the impure מעשר שני?
  31. Proofרבי אלעזר's source: "שאת" means eating
  32. ResolutionThe case is food bought with מעשר שני money