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Sanhedrin 76b

סנהדרין ע״ו ע״ב

Learn Sanhedrin 76b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Sanhedrin 76b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Marriage timing and good deeds, the 'him and them' מחלוקת, and the new משנה on murderers killed by the sword

Overview

The amud opens by explaining that רב כהנא's 'wicked, crafty poor man' is a father who delays marrying off his grown daughter. It also brings רבי עקיבא's warning to beware of advice that serves the adviser. רב teaches that marrying a daughter to an old man, marrying a wife to a young son, or returning a lost item to a נכרי is condemned by a harsh פסוק. A ברייתא praising marriage close to maturity is shown not to contradict him. Another ברייתא lists kind acts whose reward is that ה׳ answers prayers. Then רבי ישמעאל and רבי עקיבא argue over the words ״אֹתוֹ וְאֶתְהֶן״, and אביי and רבא each explain what the difference between them is. A new משנה begins on those killed by the sword: the רוצח and the people of an עיר הנדחת. It separates direct killing, which is חייב, from indirect causing, which is פטור. The גמרא explains why iron has no size requirement, why holding someone down counts as killing, and starts רבינא's קל וחומר about confining an animal in the sun. That קל וחומר continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

הָכִי קָאָמַר:

This is what he is saying:

אֵיזֶהוּ עָנִי רָשָׁע עָרוּם?

Who is a poor man who is wicked and crafty?

זֶה הַמַּשְׁהֶא בִּתּוֹ בּוֹגֶרֶת.

This is one who delays the marriage of his daughter who is a grown woman.

וְאָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא:

And Rav Kahana said in the name of Rabbi Akiva:

The steps (23)

  1. ResolutionWho is the poor man who is wicked and crafty
  2. StatementBeware of advice that serves the adviser
  3. StatementThree people who cause sin
  4. ChallengeA ברייתא praises marrying children young
  5. ResolutionClose to maturity is different
  6. StatementPeople whose prayers are answered
  7. StatementHow to read the words "him and them"
  8. QuestionWhat is the practical difference between them?
  9. Responseאביי: They disagree about how to read the פסוק
  10. Responseרבא: They disagree about the mother-in-law after the wife dies
  11. StatementNew משנה: Who is killed by the sword
  12. StatementWhen a murderer is liable
  13. StatementCases where the killer is exempt
  14. StatementMaking a snake bite: a dispute
  15. StatementWhy the Torah gives no size requirement for iron
  16. ProofA ברייתא backs up שמואל: iron kills in any size
  17. StatementThis only applies when he stabbed
  18. StatementBoth halves of the משנה teach something new: the first half
  19. StatementThe new point of the second half
  20. QuestionWhere do we learn that holding someone down is liable?
  21. Responseשמואל: 'או באיבה' includes one who confines
  22. StatementConfining someone else's animal in the sun
  23. Proofרבינא's reasoning: a קל וחומר from a murderer