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Sanhedrin 83b

סנהדרין פ״ג ע״ב

Learn Sanhedrin 83b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The ברייתא's list of who gets מיתה בידי שמים: a זר who eats תרומה, and the sources for each disqualified כהן who serves

Overview

The גמרא goes through a ברייתא that lists who gets מיתה בידי שמים. It first finishes explaining why a טמא כהן who eats טמאה תרומה is not liable: that תרומה is already desecrated. For a זר who eats תרומה, רב says he gets only מלקות, since 'אני ה׳ מקדשם' ends the topic of death. When the ברייתא is raised against him, the גמרא answers that רב תנא הוא ופליג. Next, a זר who serves gets death from 'והזר הקרב יומת'. A טמא כהן who serves gets death through a גזירה שוה of חילול from תרומה. The גמרא asks why we don't learn from נותר instead, and it settles the question because plural matches plural. A טבול יום, a מחוסר בגדים, a מחוסר כפרה, a כהן who did not wash, a drunk כהן, and one with overgrown hair each get a source for death. Finally, the ברייתא says an ערל, an אונן, and one who serves sitting are only under an אזהרה, and רב חסדא begins showing that the source for the ערל comes from יחזקאל, a quote that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

פְּרָט לָזוֹ

to the exclusion of this one

שֶׁמְּחוּלֶּלֶת וְעוֹמֶדֶת.

that is already desecrated.

וְזָר שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה,

And a non-priest who ate teruma,

אָמַר רַב:

Rav said:

The steps (30)

  1. ConclusionAlready-desecrated תרומה is excluded
  2. Statementרב says a non-כהן who eats תרומה gets lashes
  3. Challengeרב כהנא and רב אסי point to a פסוק that seems to mean death
  4. Resolution'אני ה׳ מקדשם' separates the two topics
  5. ChallengeThe ברייתא says death, against רב
  6. Resolutionרב is a תנא and may disagree
  7. StatementA non-כהן who does the עבודה gets death
  8. StatementThe ברייתא adds a טמא כהן who did the עבודה
  9. Questionרב חייא בר אבין asks רב יוסף for the source
  10. Responseרב יוסף's source: a פסוק plus a גזירה שוה from תרומה
  11. ChallengeWhy not learn from נותר and give כרת?
  12. Resolutionתרומה is the better match: four shared features
  13. ChallengePushback: maybe we should learn from leftover offerings instead
  14. ResolutionPlural wording breaks the tie
  15. QuestionWhere do we learn the punishment for a טבול יום who served?
  16. Responseרבי סימאי finds a hint in the פסוק 'ולא יחללו'
  17. ResolutionWhy this פסוק is free to teach about a טבול יום
  18. ConclusionThe punishment is death, learned from תרומה
  19. QuestionSource for a כהן lacking his בגדים
  20. ResponseThe verse about girding them with a belt
  21. ConclusionWithout his בגדים, a כהן counts as a זר
  22. QuestionSource for one lacking atonement
  23. ResponseBefore the atonement offering, he is still somewhat impure
  24. QuestionSource for one who did not wash hands and feet
  25. ResponseThey shall wash so that they will not die
  26. ResponseSource for a drunk כהן getting מיתה
  27. ResponseOvergrown hair compared to drinking wine
  28. StatementThree cases that are only a prohibition
  29. QuestionWhere do we learn that an ערל may not serve?
  30. Responseרב חסדא: we learned it from יחזקאל