Shabbos 128a

שבת קכ״ח ע״א

Shabbat 128a

Learn Shabbos 128a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 128a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Items that may or may not be moved on שבת: the משנה's list, the 'animal food' principle, כל ישראל בני מלכים, herb bundles, and salted versus unsalted meat

Overview

The גמרא goes through the משנה's list of things that may not be moved on שבת. For טבל, מעשר ראשון, מעשר שני and הקדש, it asks 'פשיטא' and answers that the משנה means a borderline case: rabbinic טבל, a tithe the לוי took early from the pile, and invalid redemptions. On the לוף, a ברייתא permits moving animal food, and רבן שמעון בן גמליאל even permits broken glass as food for ostriches. רבי נתן challenges this from elephants, and רב אשי rejects אמימר's limit, concluding that what counts is whether the item is suitable as food. אביי then shows that four תנאים hold כל ישראל בני מלכים הם. The גמרא next explains the משנה about bundles of straw and herbs, how herbs may be picked and crushed on שבת, and what the herb names mean. Finally, רב הונא and רב חסדא argue about moving unsalted meat, and a ברייתא allows moving meat and bones, which are food for dogs.

Opening lines

The steps (37)

1. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that טבל may not be moved?
2. ResolutionThe משנה means produce that is טבל only by rabbinic law
3. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that untithed מעשר ראשון may not be moved?
4. ResolutionThe case where the לוי took his tithe from the pile early
5. ResolutionWhy this case is not obvious: the רב פפא and אביי exchange
6. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that unredeemed מעשר שני may not be moved?
7. ResolutionThey were redeemed, but not properly
8. Resolutionמעשר שני redeemed with an unstamped coin
9. Resolutionהקדש redeemed with land instead of money
10. StatementA ברייתא: squill and mustard may be moved because animals eat them
11. Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל: even broken glass, food for ostriches
12. Challengeרבי נתן: Then Grapevines Should Be Movable for Elephants
13. ResolutionOstriches Are Common, Elephants Are Not
14. Statementאמימר: Only If He Owns Ostriches
15. Challengeרב אשי: רבי נתן's Question Shows Ownership Is Not the Test
16. ConclusionThe Test Is Whether It Is Suitable
17. Statementאביי: Four תנאים Hold That All Jews Are Princes
18. ProofProof for רבן שמעון בן גמליאל: What We Just Said
19. ProofProof that רבי שמעון holds every Jew is royalty
20. ProofProof that רבי ישמעאל and רבי עקיבא hold every Jew is royalty
21. StatementBundles prepared for animal food may be moved
22. Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל's size test for bundles
23. StatementHerb bundles depend on why they were brought in
24. StatementHow one may pick and crush herbs to eat on Shabbat
25. StatementThe same rule applies to other spices
26. QuestionWhat is אמיתא?
27. Responseרב יהודה identifies סיאה, אזוב, and קורנית
28. ChallengeThe seller of קורניתא was selling thyme
29. ResolutionCorrected list: קורניתא is thyme
30. StatementMoving salted and unsalted meat on Shabbat
31. ChallengeHow can רב הונא permit moving unsalted meat if his teacher holds of מוקצה?
32. Resolutionרב splits the two laws: eating follows רבי יהודה, moving follows רבי שמעון
33. ChallengeStory challenges רב חסדא: his household moved a duck out of the sun
34. ResolutionA duck is different because it can be eaten raw
35. Proofברייתא: salted fish may be moved, unsalted fish may not, all meat may be moved
36. ConclusionThe unattributed ברייתא follows רבי שמעון
37. StatementBones may be moved because they are dog food