Shabbos 13a

שבת י״ג ע״א

Shabbat 13a

Learn Shabbos 13a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Protective fences against sin (שבת 13a): reading by lamplight on שבת, a זב eating with a זבה or with an עם הארץ, and whether a נדה may sleep in the same bed as her husband while both are clothed.

Overview

This amud continues the משנה's rule against reading by lamplight on שבת. A ברייתא about schoolchildren reading by lamplight is answered in two ways: they read only briefly, or their fear of their teacher keeps them from tilting the lamp. The גמרא then turns to the משנה's rule that a זב may not eat with a זבה, so they do not grow used to sin. It also discusses why a careful זב may not eat with a זב who is an עם הארץ, and אביי and רבא give different reasons. Next the גמרא asks whether a נדה may sleep in one bed with her husband while both are clothed. Several proofs are pushed off using the idea of two minds (דיעות) plus a noticeable change (שינוי). A פסוק in יחזקאל finally settles that it is forbidden. The גמרא notes that רבי פדת disagrees, and that עולא's practice of kissing his sisters clashes with his own strict teaching. Finally, a story begins about a great student who died young, and his widow challenges the תורה's promise of long life. Her words continue on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. ChallengeChallenge: Schoolchildren read by lamplight
2. ResolutionFirst answer: They only read the beginnings of sections
3. ResolutionSecond answer: Children fear their teacher
4. StatementQuoting the משנה: A זב may not eat with a זבה
5. StatementHow widely purity was kept in Israel
6. StatementA careful זב may not eat with a זב who is an עם הארץ
7. ChallengeWhat is wrong with getting used to him?
8. ResolutionCorrection: He might feed him impure food
9. ChallengeBut a זב already eats impure food
10. Resolutionאביי: He might feed him untithed food
11. Resolutionרבא: The habit will carry over to his days of purity
12. QuestionMay a נדה sleep in her husband's bed while both are clothed?
13. Proofרב יוסף's proof: Chicken and cheese on one table
14. RejectionRejection: There, only one mind is involved
15. ProofSupport from two guests eating meat and cheese at one table
16. Rejectionשמואל limits the guest ruling to strangers
17. ResolutionTwo minds plus a noticeable change
18. ProofSecond version: the guest case as proof for forbidding
19. RejectionSecond version rejected: the couple has a change
20. ProofProof from the זב and זבה eating together
21. RejectionEating together has no noticeable change
22. ProofProof from a פסוק comparing a נדה to another man's wife
23. ConclusionConclusion: the dressed couple is forbidden
24. Statementרבי פדת disagrees with the conclusion
25. Statementעולא kisses his sisters
26. Statementעולא's action contradicts his own teaching
27. StatementA great student dies young
28. ChallengeThe widow challenges the Torah's promise