Shabbos 151a

שבת קנ״א ע״א

Shabbat 151a

Learn Shabbos 151a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 151a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

אבא שאול's rule about waiting at the תחום, the משנה on a bride's and a מת's needs, רב and שמואל on items a non-Jew brought on שבת, and the start of the משנה on caring for the dead.

Overview

The גמרא finishes explaining אבא שאול's rule: whatever you may speak about on שבת, you may also wait at the תחום for. It shows that the rule explains the clause about guarding produce, building on שמואל's ruling that one may say 'guard my produce' on שבת. The word כלל adds the case of calling an animal standing outside the תחום. A ברייתא and then a new משנה allow waiting at the תחום for the needs of a bride or a מת. The משנה also rules on flutes and on a coffin or grave that a non-Jew prepared on שבת. רב and שמואל argue about flutes when we don't know where they came from: רב forbids them, and שמואל permits them. The משנה's coffin clause supports שמואל, and a bathhouse ברייתא supports רב, with רבי יהודה's leniency for a small bath explained by the גמרא. The גמרא then explains why the coffin and grave may be used right away, and a new משנה begins on caring for the dead on שבת.

Opening lines

The steps (24)

1. ChallengeIf the rule explains the first clause, the wording should be negative
2. ResolutionSuggestion: the rule explains the second clause about guarding
3. ChallengeEven on the second clause, the logic seems to run backwards
4. Resolutionאבא שאול argues from שמואל's agreed-upon ruling about speech
5. QuestionWhat does the word כלל add?
6. Responseכלל includes calling an animal standing outside the תחום
7. StatementWaiting at the תחום for a bride's or a מת's needs, and instructing a messenger
8. Statementרבי יוסי ברבי יהודה: no exact price may be mentioned
9. StatementThe משנה: waiting at the boundary for a bride or a funeral
10. StatementFlutes brought by a non-Jew on שבת
11. StatementA coffin or grave made by non-Jews on Shabbat
12. QuestionWhat counts as a nearby place?
13. Responseרב: it must truly be from nearby
14. Responseשמואל: maybe they stayed just outside the wall
15. ProofThe משנה's wording supports שמואל
16. ProofA bathhouse ברייתא supports רב
17. Statementרבי יהודה: a small bath with an official present
18. QuestionWhat does 'an official authority' mean?
19. ResponseAn important person with ten servants
20. ChallengeWhy no waiting time for the coffin and grave?
21. ResolutionThe grave is on a public road
22. ChallengeThat works for a grave, but what about a coffin?
23. ResolutionThe coffin was placed on a non-Jew's grave
24. StatementNew משנה: caring for the dead on שבת