Shabbos 19b

שבת י״ט ע״ב

Shabbat 19b

Learn Shabbos 19b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 19b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Whose opinion our משנה follows on liquids that flow out on שבת, the מוקצה disputes of רב and שמואל, and a new משנה on roasting and baking before שבת

Overview

This amud finishes the discussion of whose opinion our משנה follows when it lets a person load an olive press or winepress right before שבת. רבי יוסי בר חנינא says it follows רבי ישמעאל. The אמורא רבי אלעזר says it follows the תנא רבי אלעזר, who permits honey and even olive and grape juice that flow out by themselves on שבת. The גמרא explains why each אמורא did not accept the other's source, and reports that רבי יוסי בר חנינא ruled like רבי ישמעאל in practice. Next comes a list of מוקצה cases: oil and mats of olive pressers, ship mats, and animals or dates set aside for purposes other than eating. In every case רב forbids and שמואל permits, following the מחלוקת of רבי יהודה and רבי שמעון. Two short stories follow. In the first, a student who ruled like רבי שמעון in רב's town was placed in נידוי for disrespect. In the second, two students rescued items from a fire in different ways. Finally a new משנה begins: roasting and baking may start just before שבת only if the food reaches a basic stage before dark, with the קרבן פסח and the fire of the בית המוקד as exceptions.

Opening lines

The steps (22)

1. StatementEnd of the ברייתא: רבי עקיבא says he may not finish
2. Statementרבי אלעזר: our משנה follows the תנא רבי אלעזר
3. ProofThe source: honeycombs crushed before שבת
4. QuestionWhy didn't רבי יוסי בר חנינא use רבי אלעזר's source?
5. ResponseHoney stays food; olive juice turns into liquid
6. RejectionA ברייתא shows רבי אלעזר permits olives and grapes too
7. Resolutionרבי יוסי בר חנינא didn't know the ברייתא
8. QuestionWhy didn't רבי אלעזר use רבי ישמעאל as the source?
9. Responseרבי ישמעאל only permits items that already had basic crushing
10. Conclusionרבי יוסי בר חנינא ruled like רבי ישמעאל
11. StatementOlive pressers' oil and mats: רב forbids, שמואל permits
12. StatementShip mats: the same dispute
13. StatementAnimals and dates set aside for other uses
14. ConclusionThey follow the dispute of רבי יהודה and רבי שמעון
15. StatementA student rules like רבי שמעון and is excommunicated
16. ChallengeBut don't we rule like רבי שמעון?
17. ResolutionIt was in רב's town, so it was disrespectful
18. StatementTwo students rescue items from a fire in different ways
19. StatementNew משנה: roasting food right before שבת
20. StatementBread and cakes need a crust before dark
21. Statementרבי אליעזר: only the bottom must form a crust
22. StatementExceptions: the קרבן פסח and the fire in the בית המקדש