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Shabbos 2b

שבת ב׳ ע״ב

Shabbat 2b

Learn Shabbos 2b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How the משנה in מסכת שבת and the משנה in מסכת שבועות count the cases of carrying on שבת, and what 'יציאות' includes

Overview

This amud finishes quoting a list from the משנה in מסכת שבועות: ידיעות הטומאה, מראות נגעים, and יציאות השבת, each called 'two that are four.' The גמרא asks why our משנה counts carrying on שבת as eight cases (four inside, four outside) while שבועות counts only four. A first answer, that שבת lists אבות and תולדות, fails on the count. רב פפא answers instead that מסכת שבת lists liable and exempt cases, while שבועות lists only the four liable ones. The גמרא then explains these four as two of הוצאה and two of הכנסה. When it asks how bringing in can be called 'יציאות,' רב אשי says the תנא calls any moving of an object from its place 'הוצאה.' He proves this from a משנה, and רבינא proves it from our own משנה. רבא instead reads the text as 'רשויות שבת.' Finally, רב מתנה challenges אביי that the משנה's eight cases are really twelve. אביי replies that by that logic there would be sixteen, and רב מתנה begins a defense that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

יְדִיעוֹת הַטּוּמְאָה,

Awareness of ritual impurity:

שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע.

two that are four.

מַרְאוֹת נְגָעִים,

Signs of leprous afflictions:

שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה.

two that are four.

The steps (20)

  1. StatementThe שבועות list continues: awareness of impurity and leprosy signs
  2. StatementThe שבועות list includes carrying out on שבת as two that are four
  3. ChallengeWhy does our משנה count eight but the שבועות משנה only four?
  4. ResolutionFirst answer: our tractate lists main and sub-categories
  5. ChallengeThe main acts of carrying out are only two
  6. RejectionExempt cases cannot fill out the four
  7. Resolutionרב פפא: our tractate lists liable and exempt cases
  8. QuestionWhat are the liable cases in שבועות?
  9. ChallengeCarrying out gives only two cases
  10. ResolutionTwo of carrying out and two of bringing in
  11. ChallengeBut the משנה says 'carrying out'
  12. ResolutionThe תנא calls bringing in 'carrying out' too
  13. ProofProof from 'one who carries from domain to domain'
  14. QuestionWhy call bringing in 'carrying out'?
  15. ResponseAny lifting of an object from its place is 'carrying out'
  16. Proofרבינא: Our own משנה shows that 'carrying out' includes bringing in
  17. Resolutionרבא: The משנה actually reads 'domains,' not 'carrying out'
  18. Challengeרב מתנה: The משנה says eight cases, but there are twelve
  19. Rejectionאביי: By your logic, there would be sixteen
  20. Resolutionרב מתנה says the count of sixteen is not a real problem