Shabbos 42a

שבת מ״ב ע״א

Shabbat 42a

Learn Shabbos 42a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

שמואל's view on unintended acts, mixing hot and cold water on שבת, and a new משנה on adding spices to a boiling pot

Overview

This amud opens with the last word of שמואל's ruling: pouring water into a hot urn is permitted even if it hardens the metal. The גמרא asks whether שמואל holds like רבי שמעון. It challenges this from שמואל's own ruling that one may put out a hot metal coal in a public area, but not a wood coal. The answer is that שמואל follows רבי שמעון on דבר שאין מתכוין, but follows רבי יהודה on מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה. רבינא learns from this that a dangerous thorn may be moved in a public area in steps of less than four אמות. In a כרמלית, it may be moved even farther. The גמרא then quotes a ברייתא in which בית שמאי and בית הלל argue about pouring hot water into cold and cold into hot. רבי שמעון בן מנסיא forbids, and רב נחמן rules like him. A discussion about a basin shows that he cannot be forbidding hot into cold, since then there could be no hot washing on שבת at all. So he forbids only cold into hot, and he holds that the two schools never disagreed about this. רבא was lenient about pouring either way into a basin, based on a ברייתא of רבי חייא that says 'pour'. Finally, a new משנה rules that spices may not be added to a boiling pot even after it is taken off the fire.

Opening lines

The steps (19)

1. StatementEnd of שמואל's ruling: it is permitted
2. ChallengeDoes שמואל hold like רבי שמעון? A contradiction from the hot coal
3. Resolutionשמואל splits: רבי שמעון on unintended acts, רבי יהודה on labor not needed for itself
4. Statementרבינא: moving a dangerous thorn in public areas
5. StatementNew משנה line: בית שמאי and בית הלל on mixing hot and cold water
6. StatementLimiting בית הלל: a cup versus a bath
7. Statementרבי שמעון בן מנסיא forbids
8. Conclusionרב נחמן rules like רבי שמעון בן מנסיא
9. Statementרב יוסף thinks a basin is like a bath
10. Rejectionאביי cites רבי חייא: a basin is not like a bath
11. ChallengeThen there would be no hot washing on שבת at all
12. Resolutionרבי שמעון בן מנסיא refers to the first clause
13. ChallengeDoes this make him follow בית שמאי?
14. ResolutionIn his tradition בית שמאי and בית הלל did not argue
15. Statementרבא was not strict about a vessel
16. Proofרבא's source: רבי חייא's ברייתא
17. RejectionMaybe the jug acts as a barrier
18. ResolutionThe ברייתא actually says pour
19. StatementNew משנה: no spices into a boiling pot taken off the fire