Gemara Clarity

Shabbos 92b

שבת צ״ב ע״ב

Shabbat 92b

Learn Shabbos 92b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 92b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Carrying on שבת when the object shifts from its planned position on the body, and when two people carry one object together.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the previous topic: the unusual carrying habit of the people of הוצל does not count against what everyone else does. A new משנה teaches that if someone planned to carry an object in front of him and it slid behind him, he is פטור, but if he planned behind and it slid to the front, he is חייב. A woman's סינר, and according to רבי יהודה couriers' notes, are חייב either way, because their position commonly shifts. רבא explains the difference: aiming for better protection and getting worse is not like aiming for worse and getting better. רבי אלעזר says the משנה comes from two different תנאים, because the רישא and the סיפא seem to imply opposite rulings for 'behind and stayed behind.' רב אשי answers that the משנה is a 'לא מיבעיא' build-up, so there is no contradiction. A ברייתא about coins in a money belt then shows that everyone agrees 'behind and stayed behind' is חייב. A second משנה teaches that two people who carry one loaf together are פטור unless neither could carry it alone, and רבי שמעון says פטור even then. The גמרא lays out the opinions of רבי מאיר, רבי יהודה, and רבי שמעון and derives the rule from the word 'בעשותה': only one who does the whole act is חייב.

Opening lines

וְאִם תִּמְצָא לוֹמַר

And if you want to say

אַנְשֵׁי הוּצָל עוֹשִׂין כֵּן —

that the people of Hotzal do so

בָּטְלָה דַּעְתָּן אֵצֶל כׇּל אָדָם.

their view is cancelled out compared to all other people.

מַתְנִי׳ הַמִּתְכַּוֵּין לְהוֹצִיא לְפָנָיו,

MISHNA: One who intends to carry out [an object] in front of him,

The steps (21)

  1. ConclusionThe unusual practice of one town does not count
  2. StatementPlanned in front but ended up behind, or the reverse
  3. StatementA woman's apron and couriers' notes count either way
  4. ChallengeWhy should the two cases be treated differently?
  5. ResolutionThe משנה comes from two different authors
  6. RejectionBetter protection versus worse protection explains the difference
  7. ChallengeThe real problem: inferences from the two halves contradict
  8. ResolutionTwo authors after all, now for the right reason
  9. Rejectionרב אשי: The משנה Is Teaching a Build-Up, So There Is No Contradiction
  10. StatementClaim: 'Behind and Stayed Behind' Is Debated by תנאים
  11. ProofThe ברייתא of Coins in a Money Belt
  12. ProofThe Inference: The חכמים Must Hold 'Behind' Is Exempt
  13. ChallengeChallenge: By That Logic, רבי יהודה Would Hold Backhanded Carrying Liable
  14. ResolutionCorrect Reading: Both Sides Agree on Both Cases and Argue Only About the Belt
  15. StatementWhatever starts with 'In truth' is settled law
  16. StatementEven note-carriers are liable, because royal scribes carry that way
  17. StatementNew משנה: two people carrying one loaf
  18. StatementThree cases of two people doing one act
  19. ProofA ברייתא supports the three-opinion chart
  20. QuestionWhere do these rules come from?
  21. ResponseThe verse 'בעשותה': only one who does the whole act